Diagnostic tests for progestogen hypersensitivity.

Progesterone is an endogenous hormone, produced by the adrenal cortex, the gonads and in women, its source is the corpus luteum. Progesterone is produced in the late phase of the menstrual cycle, when implantation of the zygote does not occur, the corpus luteum involutes and the release of progesterone is suppressed, thus initiating menstruation. Progestogen Hypersensitivity were initially identified as hormone allergy and were related to endogenous reactions to hormones and alteration of ovarian function.

[Autoimmunity in chronic urticaria. A historical and current perspective].

Chronic spontaneous urticaria is a condition that persists for more than six weeks, it occurs in the absence of an identifiable triggering factor and from the pathogenic activation of mast cells and basophils. The possibility of autoimmune etiology in up to 40 % of patients is presented, followed by subclinical infections and psychological factors. Two main mechanisms of the pathogenesis of chronic urticaria have been proposed: the former is the dysregulation of intracellular signaling pathways within mast cells and basophils, which leads to defects in the traffic or function of these cells.

Erratum to "Partial and Transient Clinical Response to Omalizumab in IL-21-Induced Low STAT3-Phosphorylation on Hyper-IgE Syndrome".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2019/6357256.].

The Effects of Alternate-Day Corticosteroids in Autoimmune Disease Patients.

Introduction: Several studiesdemonstrated that the use of alternate-day corticosteroid therapy maintains control of autoimmune diseases due to the prolongation of their therapeutic effect beyond their metabolic effect, with a significant decrease in side effects in patients. For this reason, the current recommendation for the use of these medications is in a short cycle to avoid adverse effects when used frequently and for prolonged periods of time.

Objectives: To learn variations in serum levels of autoantibodies in autoimmune diseases treated with steroids on alternate days, as well as whether there are differences in the response to them depending on the type of disease.

Partial and Transient Clinical Response to Omalizumab in IL-21-Induced Low STAT3-Phosphorylation on Hyper-IgE Syndrome.

Hyper-IgE syndrome (HIES) is a rare primary immunodeficiency characterized by elevated levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE), eczematous dermatitis, cold abscesses, and recurrent infections of the lung and skin caused by . The dominant form is characterized by nonimmunologic features including skeletal, connective tissue, and pulmonary abnormalities in addition to recurrent infections and eczema. Omalizumab is a humanized recombinant monoclonal antibody against IgE.

Dialyzable Leukocyte Extract (Transferon™) Administration in Sepsis: Experience from a Single Referral Pediatric Intensive Care Unit.

Immunomodulatory agents have been proposed as therapeutic candidates to improve outcomes in sepsis. Transferon™, a dialyzable leukocyte extract (DLE), has been supported in Mexico as an immunomodulatory adjuvant in anti-infectious therapy. Here we present a retrospective study describing the experience of a referral pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) with Transferon™ in sepsis.

[Good's syndrome. Report of case].

Background: Good's syndrome is an association of thymoma and immunodeficiency. The symptoms are recurrent sinopulmonary infections in addition to the compressive side of thymoma. A laboratory finding is notable for the absence or decrease of B lymphocytes, hypogammaglobulinemia, inversion ratio CD4/CD8 and abnormal proliferative response to mitogens.

[Cancer as secondary immunodeficiency. Review].

Secondary immunodeficiencys, previously presented in immunocompetent individuals. The lack of primary or secondary response to the presence of a foreign antigen, in the case of infections is a sentinel data in the diagnosis of immunodeficiency (can be primary or secondary), in the case of a self antigen may generate the presence of Cancer. Cancer has shown an increase in the prevalence and incidence globally.

[Systemic lupus erythematous and CD24v].

Background: Systemic lupus erythematous is an autoimmune disease of multifactorial etiology with genetic predisposition. Its pathogenesis involved more than 100 genes. CD24 gene can mediate various functions such as their costimulatory activity in the clonal expansion of T cells.

[Prevalence of intolerance to salicylates in patients with nasal polyposis].

Background: Salicylates intolerance is related to alteration in the metabolism of arachidonic acid leading to increased leukotrienes. The condition may be manifested with respiratory, skin or systemic symptoms or associated with sinonasal polyposis. Salicylates are present in anti-inflammatory drugs, cosmetics products and food.

[Infection due to Mycobacterium bovis in common variable immunodeficiency].

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is an heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by impaired antibody production. It shows a wide spectrum of manifestations including severe and recurrent respiratory infections (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus) and gastrointestinal (Campylobacter jejuni, rotavirus and Giardia lamblia). Viral infections caused by herpes zoster, cytomegalovirus (CMV) and hepatitis C are rare.

[Pulmonary age-chronological age relation as indicator of improvement and severity of patients with bronchial asthma].

Background: Spirometry is a very useful clinical test to evaluate pulmonary function in asthmatic patients. However, pulmonary function could be affected by the sex, time of clinical evolution, lung age (LA) and chronological age (CA).

Objective: To evaluate LA/CA as index of clinical improvement or severity in asthmatic patients.

[Eosinophilic gastroenteritis].

The eosinophilic gastroenteritis is a disease of unknown etiopathogenesis and rare presentation, with several clinical symptoms, ranging from mild episodes until nonspecific abdominal acute episodes of intestinal obstruction, which some times make it necessary urgent surgical treatment. This wide symptomatic range seems to be conditioned by the degree of eosinophilic infiltration of the intestinal wall and the number of layers involved. This paper reports the case of a patient who, due to the diagnosis difficulties, illustrates in a single patient the intestinal and respiratory anatomo-clinical diversity and the evolution of the eosinophilia both intestinal and peripheral.

[Levels of CD4+ and FOXP3+ lymphocytes in patients with allergic rhinitis].

Background: Allergic rinitis is the more common allergic disease, affecting to 25% of general population. Otitis media, sinusitis and other complications result from not controlled allergic rinitis. It has been reported that a low expression of FOXP3 marker on lymphocytes is associated with allergic diseases, and that allergen immunotherapy increases its synthesis.

[Rosai-Dorfman's disease (sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy): a report of a case and bibliographic review].

Rosai-Dorfman's illness, also denominated sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy is considered benign entity of unknown etiology; although it is believed it may be due to alterations of immune system. It was described in 1969 by Rosai and Dorfman and there are nearly 500 cases worldwide reported. The most frequent clinical manifestation is massive lymph node enlargement, mainly cervical, but almost in the fifth percent of cases any lymph node may be affected.

[Most common allergens in allergic patients admitted into a third-level hospital].

Background: Since year 3000 BC, pollenology (science that studies allergens) was already known. In the year 49 BC, Herodotus recognized the first case of hay fever, Jacob Constant (17th century) described the first case of allergic rhinitis and related it to "something" (allergens) that roses emitted. Charles Backley (1873) proved the ability of the skin to determine allergic reactions to allergens.

[Determination of interleukins and IgG4 in patients with allergic rhinitis with and without immunotherapy].

Background: Allergic rhinitis is the most common atopic reaction to allergens and may persist for many years if not treated. It is never lethal, though it may cause morbidity. The IgE synthesis is regulated by inheritance, antigen exposition and cytokines; specially Th2 cells, through secretions of the IL4 e IL5 that favor IgE production and inflammation rich in eosinophils.

[Allergic asthma and interleukins 2, 4, 5, 6 and 12 and gamma interferon levels].

Background: Asthma is an inflammatory chronic illness, in which mastocyt cells, basophils, T lymphocytes, eosinophils and cytokines play a role. Its association with the production of TH2 cytokines is not well known, but it is considered an aberrant immune response, yielding the activation and recruitment of a number of effector cells (mastocyts/eosinophils) and the appearance of clinical symptoms.

Objective: To determine the serum values of the interleukins 2, 4, 5, 6 and 12 and gamma interferon in relation to the severity degree of asthma and the time of immunotherapy in patients with stable chronic allergic bronchial asthma.

[Presence of anti-Helicobacter pylori, antithyroid, and high-affinity IgE receptor antibodies in patients with chronic urticaria].

Background: Chronic urticaria is characterized by erythematous wheals during more than 6 weeks. In 47% of the patients it is associated to Helicobacter pylori infection; in 50%, to antibodies (Abs) against the high affinity receptor of the IgE, and in 12 to 20% to antithyroid's antibodies (antithyroglobuline, mychrosomals) and, from these, 25% have alterations of the thyroid function.

Objective: To determine the presence of the anti-Helicobacter pylori and anttihyroids antibodies and the high affinity anti-receptor of the IgE in healthy subjects and patients with chronic urticaria.

[Quality of life evaluation in the patient with allergic rhinits].

Background: The introduction of the evaluation tools, such as the quality of life-questionnaires, allows to assess how functional alterations due to an illness affect the patient's life.

Objective: To know the emotional, social and occupational state of allergic rhinitis patients.

Material And Methods: Quality of life questionnaires were applied once to a group of 50 patients with allergic rhinitis diagnosis from the clinic immunology and allergy service, from May to August 2002.

[Failure of allergen-based immunotherapy in adults with allergic asthma].

Background: The allergic asthma is the reversible chronic inflammatory process at the airways, secondary to exaggerate reply to the allergens exposition, its treatment includes: avoiding the exposure to allergens, pharmacology therapy and the specific immunotherapy with allergens (ITA), which is based on the growing dosages of the extract allergenic; the objectives are to modify the immune response and to improve the allergic disease. The ITA can fail due to causes attributable to the patient, vaccine-inherent causes and/or factors related to the allergic disease.

Objective: To determine the main causes of specific immunotherapy with allergens' failure in our hospital.

[Prevalence of latex-fruit syndrome in health workers with latex allergy].

Background: Prevalence of latex allergy in the general population is lesser than 1%. These patients have clinical and immunochemical cross-reactivity between latex and fruits; sometimes this has been referred to as the "latex-fruit-syndrome" (LFS); atopy was found to be a risk factor to sensitization to fruits.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of LFS, in a group of health care workers with latex-allergy.