CD4+ T cells proliferation assay to analyze Mo-MDSCs suppressive function.

Among myeloid regulatory cells (MRCs), some particular subsets termed myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have been described. They are suppressor myeloid cells characterized by their ability to regulate innate and adaptive immune responses and known to accumulate in the context of chronic diseases and cancer. The lack of specific markers makes their classification difficult and requires functional studies to distinguish them from other myeloid cells.

Regulatory cells and the effect of cancer immunotherapy.

Several mechanisms and cell types are involved in the regulation of the immune response. These include mostly regulatory T cells (Tregs), regulatory macrophages (Mregs), myeloid suppressor cells (MDSCs) and other regulatory cell types such as tolerogenic dendritic cells (tolDCs), regulatory B cells (Bregs), and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). These regulatory cells, known for their ability to suppress immune responses, can also suppress the anti-tumor immune response.

Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Are Increased in Lung Transplant Recipients and Regulated by Immunosuppressive Therapy.

Lung transplantation remains as a primary treatment for end-stage lung diseases. Although remarkable improvement has been achieved due to the immunosuppressive protocols, long-term survival for lung transplant recipients (LTR) is still limited. In the last few decades, an increasing interest has grown in the study of dysregulation of immune mechanisms underlying allograft failure.

Acquisition of New Migratory Properties by Highly Differentiated CD4+CD28 T Lymphocytes in Rheumatoid Arthritis Disease.

Expanded CD4+CD28 T lymphocytes are found in the tissues and peripheral blood of patients with many autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). These highly differentiated cells present potent inflammatory activity and capability to induce tissue destruction, which has been suggested to predispose to the development of more aggressive disease. In fact, preferential migration to inflammatory sites has been proposed to be a contributing factor in the progression of autoimmune and cardiovascular diseases frequently found in these patients.

Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Kidney Transplant Recipients and the Effect of Maintenance Immunotherapy.

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) represent a heterogeneous group of myeloid regulatory cells that were originally described in cancer. Several studies in animal models point to MDSC as important players in the induction of allograft tolerance due to their immune modulatory function. Most of the published studies have been performed in animal models, and the data addressing MDSCs in human organ transplantation are scarce.

Levels of anti-CMV antibodies are modulated by the frequency and intensity of virus reactivations in kidney transplant patients.

Anti-CMV (cytomegalovirus) antibody titers are related to immune alterations and increased risk of mortality. To test whether they represent a marker of infection history, we analyzed the effect of viral reactivations on the production of specific antibodies in kidney transplant patients. We quantified CMV-DNAemia and antibody titers in 58 kidney transplant patients before transplantation and during a follow-up of 315 days (standard deviation, SD: 134.