Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in a Critically Ill Patient: A Case Report of a Potentially Fatal Entity.

Background: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a non-neoplastic proliferation and macrophage activation that induces cytokine-mediated bone marrow suppression and features of intense phagocytosis in the bone marrow and liver, leading to multi-organ dysfunction and ultimate failure. The diagnosis of HLH in an intensive care setting is challenging, and it is associated with high morbidity and mortality. HLH-94 is the standard protocol for treatment, consisting of dexamethasone and chemotherapy like etoposide.

Diagnostic Nerve Block to Guide Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A Injection for Clonus in Spastic Equinovarus Foot: A Retrospective Study.

Clonus is characterized by involuntary, rhythmic, oscillatory muscle contractions, typically triggered by rapid muscle stretching and is frequently associated with spastic equinovarus foot (SEVF), where it may increase risk of falls and cause discomfort, pain, and sleep disorders. We hypothesize that selective diagnostic nerve block (DNB) of the tibial nerve motor branches can help identify which muscle is primarily responsible for clonus in patients with SEVF and provide useful information for botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT-A) treatment. This retrospective study explored which calf muscles contributed to clonus in 91 patients with SEFV after stroke (n = 31), multiple sclerosis (n = 21), and cerebral palsy (n = 39), using selective DNB.

Hidden structures: a driving factor to achieve low thermal conductivity and high thermoelectric performance.

The long-range periodic atomic arrangement or the lack thereof in solids typically dictates the magnitude and temperature dependence of their lattice thermal conductivity (). Compared to crystalline materials, glasses exhibit a much-suppressed across all temperatures as the phonon mean free path reaches parity with the interatomic distances therein. While the occurrence of such glass-like thermal transport in crystalline solids captivates the scientific community with its fundamental inquiry, it also holds the potential for profoundly impacting the field of thermoelectric energy conversion.

Inadequate food diversity and food taboo associated with maternal iron deficiency among pregnant women living in slum settlements in Makassar City, Indonesia.

Background: Anemia in pregnancy is a major public health problem, especially in developing countries. The most common cause is nutritional deficiencies, especially iron deficiency. Adequate nutritional intake from food is essential during pregnancy.

The Role of Side Chains and Hydration on Mixed Charge Transport in n-Type Polymer Films.

Introducing ethylene glycol (EG) side chains to a conjugated polymer backbone is a well-established synthetic strategy for designing organic mixed ion-electron conductors (OMIECs). However, the impact that film swelling has on mixed conduction properties has yet to be scoped, particularly for electron-transporting (n-type) OMIECs. Here, the authors investigate the effect of the length of branched EG chains on mixed charge transport of n-type OMIECs based on a naphthalene-1,4,5,8-tetracarboxylic-diimide-bithiophene backbone.

Active Case Finding for Tuberculosis in Migrants: a Systematic Review.

Background: Active case finding (ACF) is an alternative strategy to accelerate the identification of TB cases among the migrant population.

Objective: This study aimed to synthesize the evidence for the effectiveness of ACF TB in migrants.

Methods: This study uses the PRISMA model as a method of searching for journal articles in the databases of Google Scholar, ProQuest, EBSCO, ScienceDirect, Elsevier, and PubMed, as well as other sources such as textbooks and reports from 2017 to 2021 with the keywords .

New Chemical Dopant and Counterion Mechanism for Organic Electrochemical Transistors and Organic Mixed Ionic-Electronic Conductors.

Organic mixed ionic-electronic conductors (OMIECs) have varied performance requirements across a diverse application space. Chemically doping the OMIEC can be a simple, low-cost approach for adapting performance metrics. However, complex challenges, such as identifying new dopant materials and elucidating design rules, inhibit its realization.

Interactions of Catalytic Enzymes with n-Type Polymers for High-Performance Metabolite Sensors.

The tight regulation of the glucose concentration in the body is crucial for balanced physiological function. We developed an electrochemical transistor comprising an n-type conjugated polymer film in contact with a catalytic enzyme for sensitive and selective glucose detection in bodily fluids. Despite the promise of these sensors, the property of the polymer that led to such high performance has remained unknown, with charge transport being the only characteristic under focus.

ROOT parameters of sugarcane and soil compaction indicators under deep strip tillage and conventional tillage.

Soil tillage and agricultural traffic generate changes in soil physical attributes and affect the growth of the roots. This study evaluates the impact of system soil tillage on compaction and sugarcane root growth. The experiment was carried out on a Rhodic Kandiudox with two soil tillages (Deep Strip Tillage and Conventional Tillage) and two positions (beds or traffic lane and no traffic lane), totaling four treatments (DST-beds + no traffic lane, DST-traffic lane, CT-no traffic lane and CT-traffic lane).

Enhancing the Backbone Coplanarity of n-Type Copolymers for Higher Electron Mobility and Stability in Organic Electrochemical Transistors.

Electron-transporting (n-type) conjugated polymers have recently been applied in numerous electrochemical applications, where both ion and electron transport are required. Despite continuous efforts to improve their performance and stability, n-type conjugated polymers with mixed conduction still lag behind their hole-transporting (p-type) counterparts, limiting the functions of electrochemical devices. In this work, we investigate the effect of enhanced backbone coplanarity on the electrochemical activity and mixed ionic-electronic conduction properties of n-type polymers during operation in aqueous media.

Target-agnostic drug prediction integrated with medical record analysis uncovers differential associations of statins with increased survival in COVID-19 patients.

Importance: Drug repurposing requires distinguishing established drug class targets from novel molecule-specific mechanisms and rapidly derisking their therapeutic potential in a time-critical manner, particularly in a pandemic scenario. In response to the challenge to rapidly identify treatment options for COVID-19, several studies reported that statins, as a drug class, reduce mortality in these patients. However, it is unknown if different statins exhibit consistent function or may have varying therapeutic benefit.

Exploring the impact of daily food habit and modification of lifestyle for boosting immunity against COVID-19.

The lockdown crisis due to novel coronavirus (COVID-19) mainly affected people who live under economic despair. Since boosting the immune system against the virus depends on a variety of food intake and lifestyle approaches; hence, it is crucial to know how daily food habits and lifestyle modification protect from pathogenic viral infections. This study focused on the benefit of plant-based foods, functional foods and the modified lifestyle which enhance the immunity of all aged groups against COVID-19 in Bangladesh.

Ambipolar inverters based on cofacial vertical organic electrochemical transistor pairs for biosignal amplification.

On-site signal amplification for bioelectronic sensing is a desirable approach to improving recorded signal quality and to reducing the burden on signal transmission and back-end electronics. While organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) have been used as local transducers of bioelectronic signals, their current output presents challenges for implementation. OECT-based circuits offer new opportunities for high-performance signal processing.

Reversible Electrochemical Charging of n-Type Conjugated Polymer Electrodes in Aqueous Electrolytes.

Conjugated polymers achieve redox activity in electrochemical devices by combining redox-active, electronically conducting backbones with ion-transporting side chains that can be tuned for different electrolytes. In aqueous electrolytes, redox activity can be accomplished by attaching hydrophilic side chains to the polymer backbone, which enables ionic transport and allows volumetric charging of polymer electrodes. While this approach has been beneficial for achieving fast electrochemical charging in aqueous solutions, little is known about the relationship between water uptake by the polymers during electrochemical charging and the stability and redox potentials of the electrodes, particularly for electron-transporting conjugated polymers.

Gender Differences in Depression in the General Population of Indonesia: Confounding Effects.

Background: Research findings on gender differences in depression are inconsistent. This study investigated gender and depression in the Indonesian population and considered possible confounding effects.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study.

Intervention empowerment of families in preventing and controlling overweight and obesity in children: A systematic review.

There have been an increasing overweight and obesity in very anxious children. Furthermore, obesity is a condition that occurs due to the accumulation of excess or abnormal fat. This disorder is believed to be the most significant public health problem that affects children in the 21st century.

Measuring self-regulation after nutrition education modules with Self Determination Theory (SDT) intervention among teachers with or at Risk Metabolic Syndrome.

Objective: This study aims to measure changes in autonomy in groups that have been given nutrition education by applying the SDT concept.

Methods: The non-randomized pre-post intervention study design involved 63 teachers in the intervention group and 60 teachers in the control group. Nutrition education by applying the SDT concept and measurement is carried out using the Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire (TRSQ).

Temperature-resilient solid-state organic artificial synapses for neuromorphic computing.

Devices with tunable resistance are highly sought after for neuromorphic computing. Conventional resistive memories, however, suffer from nonlinear and asymmetric resistance tuning and excessive write noise, degrading artificial neural network (ANN) accelerator performance. Emerging electrochemical random-access memories (ECRAMs) display write linearity, which enables substantially faster ANN training by array programing in parallel.

Water stable molecular n-doping produces organic electrochemical transistors with high transconductance and record stability.

From established to emergent technologies, doping plays a crucial role in all semiconducting devices. Doping could, theoretically, be an excellent technique for improving repressively low transconductances in n-type organic electrochemical transistors - critical for advancing logic circuits for bioelectronic and neuromorphic technologies. However, the technical challenge is extreme: n-doped polymers are unstable in electrochemical transistor operating environments, air and water (electrolyte).

Universal Spray-Deposition Process for Scalable, High-Performance, and Stable Organic Electrochemical Transistors.

Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) with high transconductance and good operating stability in an aqueous environment are receiving substantial attention as promising ion-to-electron transducers for bioelectronics. However, to date, in most of the reported OECTs, the fabrication procedures have been devoted to spin-coating processes that may nullify the advantages of large-area and scalable manufacturing. In addition, conventional microfabrication and photolithography techniques are complicated or incompatible with various nonplanar flexible and curved substrates.