Effects of a Phytoestrogen Intervention and Estrogen Receptor β Genotype on Prostate Cancer Proliferation and PSA Concentrations-A Randomized Controlled Trial.

A phytoestrogen-rich diet has been suggested to reduce tumor proliferation among men with prostate cancer, and the effect may differ between men with different polymorphisms of the estrogen receptor-beta gene (ERβ). Patients with low- or intermediate-risk prostate cancer scheduled for radical prostatectomy were randomized to an intervention group ( = 71) provided with soybeans and flaxseeds (∼200 mg phytoestrogens/day) to eat until surgery (approximately 6 wk) or to a control group ( = 69). Tumor proliferation was assessed using Ki-67 indexes, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) concentrations were analyzed in blood, and ERβ polymorphism was genotyped in all subjects.

Effects on Serum Hormone Concentrations after a Dietary Phytoestrogen Intervention in Patients with Prostate Cancer: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Phytoestrogens have been suggested to have an anti-proliferative role in prostate cancer, potentially by acting through estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) and modulating several hormones. We primarily aimed to investigate the effect of a phytoestrogen intervention on hormone concentrations in blood depending on the ERβ genotype. Patients with low and intermediate-risk prostate cancer, scheduled for radical prostatectomy, were randomized to an intervention group provided with soybeans and flaxseeds (∼200 mg phytoestrogens/d) added to their diet until their surgery, or a control group that was not provided with any food items.

The effect of a phytoestrogen intervention and impact of genetic factors on tumor proliferation markers among Swedish patients with prostate cancer: study protocol for the randomized controlled PRODICA trial.

Background: A high intake of phytoestrogens, found in soy, rye, and seeds, is associated with a reduced risk of a prostate cancer diagnosis. Previously, we found that the overall decreased risk of prostate cancer diagnosis in males with a high intake of phytoestrogens was strongly modified by a nucleotide sequence variant in the estrogen receptor-beta (ERβ) gene. However, we do not know if phytoestrogens can inhibit the growth of prostate cancer in males with established diseases.

A Preparatory Study for a Randomized Controlled Trial of Dietary Fiber Intake During Adult Pelvic Radiotherapy.

Patients undergoing pelvic radiotherapy are often advised to omit fiber-rich foods from their diet to reduce the adverse effects of treatment. Scientific evidence supporting this recommendation is lacking, and recent studies on animals and humans have suggested that there is a beneficial effect of dietary fiber for the alleviation of symptoms. Randomized controlled studies on dietary fiber intake during pelvic radiotherapy of sufficient size and duration are needed.

Development and Validation of a Mobile Phone Application Developed for Measuring Dietary Fiber Intake.

We have developed a mobile phone application for measuring the intake of dietary fiber and validated the ability of the application to accurately capture this intake against measurements registered by a dietary record. We also investigated what food groups contributed most to the total, soluble, and insoluble dietary fiber intake. Twenty-six randomly selected Swedish women aged 35-85 years were included and randomized to either start to register dietary intake in the application or by a dietary record, during three consecutive days.

Intake of citrus fruits and vegetables and the intensity of defecation urgency syndrome among gynecological cancer survivors.

Background: Despite the experimental evidence that certain dietary compounds lower the risk of radiation-induced damage to the intestine, clinical data are missing and dietary advice to irradiated patients is not evidence-based.

Materials And Methods: We have previously identified 28 intestinal health-related symptoms among 623 gynaecological-cancer survivors (three to fifteen years after radiotherapy) and 344 matched population-based controls. The 28 symptoms were grouped into five radiation-induced survivorship syndromes: defecation-urgency syndrome, fecal-leakage syndrome, excessive mucus discharge, excessive gas discharge and blood discharge.

[Differing dietary advice are given to gynaecological and prostate cancer patients receiving radiotherapy in Sweden].

Preclinical studies indicate that an optimal diet during pelvic radiotherapy may be able to prevent radiation-induced survivorship diseases that diminish cancer survivors' intestinal health. We do not yet know what this optimal diet might be because scientific studies needed to determine what dietary advice might best be given to patients during treatment. Oncology clinics in Sweden were contacted to determine the nature of dietary advice given to gynaecological and prostate cancer patients at each clinic before, during and after radiotherapy.

Validity of a web-based dietary questionnaire designed especially to measure the intake of phyto-oestrogens.

A diet questionnaire (DQ) designed to assess habitual diet and phyto-oestrogen intake was developed. This study aimed to examine the validity of the DQ in men, with and without having prostate cancer. The DQ was validated against alkylresorcinol metabolites measured in urine as objective biomarkers of whole grain wheat and rye (WG) intake, and a 4-d estimated food record (FR) was used for relative comparison.

Prospective Study of Dietary Phytoestrogen Intake and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer.

Dietary phytoestrogen intake has been inversely associated with the risk of prostate and breast cancer and might also affect the risk of colorectal cancer. We evaluated the associations between dietary lignan intake, dietary isoflavonoid intake, dietary coumestrol intake, and dietary enterolignans and equol intake, and risk of colorectal cancer. Data from the Women's Lifestyle and Health (WLH) Cohort study was used.

Intrusive thoughts and quality of life among men with prostate cancer before and three months after surgery.

Background: Sudden, unwelcome and repetitive thoughts about a traumatic event--intrusive thoughts--could relate to how men assess their quality of life after prostate-cancer diagnosis. We aimed to study the prevalence of intrusive thoughts about prostate cancer and their association with quality-of-life outcomes before and after radical prostatectomy.

Methods: During the first year of the LAPPRO-trial, 971 men scheduled for radical prostatectomy were prospectively included from 14 urological centers in Sweden.

Mean absorbed dose to the anal-sphincter region and fecal leakage among irradiated prostate cancer survivors.

Purpose: To supplement previous findings that the absorbed dose of ionizing radiation to the anal sphincter or lower rectum affects the occurrence of fecal leakage among irradiated prostate-cancer survivors. We also wanted to determine whether anatomically defining the anal-sphincter region as the organ at risk could increase the degree of evidence underlying clinical guidelines for restriction doses to eliminate this excess risk.

Methods And Materials: We identified 985 men irradiated for prostate cancer between 1993 and 2006.

Tobacco smoking and long-lasting symptoms from the bowel and the anal-sphincter region after radiotherapy for prostate cancer.

Background And Purpose: Tobacco smoking can cause vascular injury, tissue hypoxia and fibrosis as can ionizing radiation. However, we do not know if tobacco smoking increases the risk of long-term side effects after radiotherapy for prostate cancer.

Methods: We identified 985 men treated with radiotherapy for prostate cancer between 1993 and 2006.

Dietary phytoestrogens and the risk of ovarian cancer in the women's lifestyle and health cohort study.

Background: Dietary intake of phytoestrogens has been inversely associated to hormone-dependent cancers, such as prostate and breast cancers. Few studies have investigated the association between ovarian cancer and intake of phytoestrogens. We evaluated the associations between intake of phytoestrogens (isoflavonoids/lignans/coumestrol) and fiber (vegetable/cereal) and risk of ovarian cancer.

Dietary intake of fish, omega-3, omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin D and the prevalence of psychotic-like symptoms in a cohort of 33,000 women from the general population.

Background: Low intake of fish, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and vitamin D deficiency has been suggested to play a role in the development of schizophrenia. Our aim was to evaluate the association between the intake of different fish species, PUFA and vitamin D and the prevalence of psychotic-like symptoms in a population-based study among Swedish women.

Methods: Dietary intake was estimated using a food frequency questionnaire among 33,623 women aged 30-49 years at enrollment (1991/92).

Dietary phytoestrogens are not associated with risk of overall breast cancer but diets rich in coumestrol are inversely associated with risk of estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor negative breast tumors in Swedish women.

Results from epidemiological and experimental studies indicate that phytoestrogens may protect against breast cancer. Because one of the biological effects of phytoestrogens is probably estrogenic, it's possible that the preventive effect on breast cancer differs by estrogen receptor (ER) or progesterone receptor (PR) status of the tumor. We evaluated the associations between dietary phytoestrogen (isoflavonoids, lignans, and coumestrol) intake and risk of breast cancer and whether the ER/PR statuses of the tumor influence this relationship.

Lactase persistence, dietary intake of milk, and the risk for prostate cancer in Sweden and Finland.

Prostate carcinoma is the most common cancer in men. Its primary pathogenesis is mostly unknown. Dairy products containing lactose have been suggested to be risk factors for prostate cancer.

Association of frequent consumption of fatty fish with prostate cancer risk is modified by COX-2 polymorphism.

Dietary intake of marine fatty acids from fish may protect against prostate cancer development. We studied this association and whether it is modified by genetic variation in cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, a key enzyme in fatty acid metabolism and inflammation. We assessed dietary intake of fish among 1,499 incident prostate cancer cases and 1,130 population controls in Sweden.

Dietary intake of phytoestrogens, estrogen receptor-beta polymorphisms and the risk of prostate cancer.

Background: The causes of prostate cancer are poorly understood, but genetic factors may be more important than for many other malignancies, and dietary phytoestrogens may be protective. Because phytoestrogens bind tightly to the estrogen receptor-beta, we conducted an epidemiologic investigation of synergistic effects between phytoestrogen intake and estrogen receptor-beta gene polymorphisms.

Methods: We performed a population-based case-control study in Sweden.

Dietary phytoestrogen, serum enterolactone and risk of prostate cancer: the cancer prostate Sweden study (Sweden).

Objective: Based on evidence that phytoestrogens may protect against prostate cancer, we evaluated the associations between serum enterolactone concentration or dietary phytoestrogen intake and risk of prostate cancer.

Methods: In our Swedish population-based case-control study, questionnaire-data were available for 1,499 prostate cancer cases and 1,130 controls, with serum enterolactone levels in a sub-group of 209 cases and 214 controls. Unconditional logistic regression was performed to estimate multivariate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations with risk of prostate cancer.

Alcohol drinking and risk of localized versus advanced and sporadic versus familial prostate cancer in Sweden.

Background: It is unknown whether the association of alcohol consumption with prostate cancer risk varies between localized and advanced cases, or between sporadic and familial cases.

Methods: We assessed recent alcohol drinking in a population-based case--control study of Swedish men, including 1499 cases and 1130 controls. Drinking status and average volume, frequency, and type of alcohol consumed were evaluated.

H6D polymorphism in macrophage-inhibitory cytokine-1 gene associated with prostate cancer.

Background: Accumulating epidemiologic and molecular evidence suggest that inflammation is an important component in the etiology of prostate cancer. Macrophage-inhibitory cytokine-1 (MIC-1), a member of the transforming growth factor beta superfamily, is thought to play an important role in inflammation by regulating macrophage activity. We examined whether sequence variants in the MIC-1 gene are associated with the risk of prostate cancer.

Sequence variants of toll-like receptor 4 are associated with prostate cancer risk: results from the CAncer Prostate in Sweden Study.

Inflammation has been implicated as an etiological factor in several human cancers. Growing evidence suggests that chronic inflammation may also play a role in the etiology of prostate cancer. Considering that genetic susceptibility is a major risk factor for this disease, we hypothesize that sequence variants in genes that regulate inflammation may modify individual susceptibility to prostate cancer.