Serum Reactive Antibodies against the N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor NR2 Subunit-Could They Act as Potential Biomarkers?

Synaptic dysfunction and disrupted communication between neuronal and glial cells play an essential role in the underlying mechanisms of multiple sclerosis (MS). Earlier studies have revealed the importance of glutamate receptors, particularly the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, in excitotoxicity, leading to abnormal synaptic transmission and damage of neurons. Our study aimed to determine whether antibodies to the NR2 subunit of NMDAR are detected in MS patients and evaluate the correlation between antibody presence and clinical outcome.

A Preclinical Investigation on the Role of IgG Antibodies against Coagulant Components in Multiple Sclerosis.

The coagulation-inflammation interplay has recently been identified as a critical risk factor in the early onset of multiple sclerosis (MS), and antibodies against coagulation components have been recognized as contributing factors to thrombotic and inflammatory signaling pathways in diseases with overlapping symptoms to MS, paving the way for further research into their effects on MS pathology. The current study aimed to enlighten the role of IgG antibodies against coagulation components by performing a preclinical study, analyzing the astrocytic activation by purified IgG antibodies derived from 15 MS patients, and assessing their possible pro-inflammatory effects using a bead-based multiplexed immunoassay system. The results were compared with those obtained following astrocyte treatment with samples from 14 age- and gender-matched healthy donors, negative for IgG antibody presence.

SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody responses following BNT162b2 vaccination in individuals with multiple sclerosis receiving different disease-modifying treatments.

Introduction: The study aims to evaluate the concentration of IgG antibodies against the receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike1 protein (S1RBD) in BNT162b2- vaccinated relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) individuals receiving disease-modifying treatments (DMTs).

Methods: Serum from 126 RRMS volunteers was collected 3 months after the administration of the second dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 vaccine. Additional samples were analyzed after the administration of the booster dose in fingolimod- treated MS.

Genetic Markers for Thrombophilia and Cardiovascular Disease Associated with Multiple Sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) with an unknown etiology, although genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors are thought to play a role. Recently, coagulation components have been shown to provide immunomodulatory and pro-inflammatory effects in the CNS, leading to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. The current study aimed to determine whether patients with MS exhibited an overrepresentation of polymorphisms implicated in the coagulation and whether such polymorphisms are associated with advanced disability and disease progression.

Antibodies to blood coagulation components are implicated in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Background: The strong link between innate immunity and thrombosis/coagulation has recently been investigated in the light of antibodies directed against serine proteases of the coagulation pathway. The antibodies have been proposed as contributing factors to venous thromboembolism development and as key molecules in the initiation of signaling inflammatory pathways in neuroinflammatory diseases. Preliminary studies of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) progression characteristics with the reactivity of antibodies against coagulant components are limited.