Administration of a single dose of lithium ameliorates rhabdomyolysis-associated acute kidney injury in rats.

Rhabdomyolysis is characterized by muscle damage and leads to acute kidney injury (AKI). Clinical and experimental studies suggest that glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) inhibition protects against AKI basically through its critical role in tubular epithelial cell apoptosis, inflammation and fibrosis. Treatment with a single dose of lithium, an inhibitor of GSK3β, accelerated recovery of renal function in cisplatin and ischemic/reperfusion-induced AKI models.

The association between obesity and vitamin D deficiency modifies the progression of kidney disease after ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) alters renal hemodynamics, leading to tubular injury, activating pathways of inflammation, proliferation, and cell death. The initial damage caused to renal tissue after an ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury exerts an important role in the pathogenesis of the course of AKI, as well as in the predisposition to chronic kidney disease. Vitamin D deficiency has been considered a risk factor for kidney disease and it is associated with tubulointerstitial damage, contributing to the progression of kidney disease.

The Restoration of Vitamin D Levels Slows the Progression of Renal Ischemic Injury in Rats Previously Deficient in Vitamin D.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains a global public health problem. The initial damage after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury plays an important role in the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury (AKI) and predisposition to CKD. Several studies have been showing that risk factors such as AKI and hypovitaminosis D could also be involved in CKD progression.

Changes in the renal function after acute mercuric chloride exposure in the rat are associated with renal vascular endothelial dysfunction and proximal tubule NHE3 inhibition.

Mercury is an environmental pollutant and a threat to human health. Mercuric chloride (HgCl)-induced acute renal failure has been described by several reports, but the mechanisms of renal dysfunction remain elusive. This study tested the hypothesis that HgCl directly impairs renal vascular reactivity.

The Blockade of TACE-Dependent EGF Receptor Activation by Losartan-Erlotinib Combination Attenuates Renal Fibrosis Formation in 5/6-Nephrectomized Rats Under Vitamin D Deficiency.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been considered a major public health issue. In addition to cardiovascular diseases and infections, hypovitaminosis D has been considered a non-traditional aggravating factor for CKD progression. Interstitial fibrosis is a hallmark of CKD strongly correlated with deterioration of renal function.

Urinary DPP4 correlates with renal dysfunction, and DPP4 inhibition protects against the reduction in megalin and podocin expression in experimental CKD.

This study investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the antiproteinuric effect of DPP4 inhibition in 5/6 renal ablation rats and tested the hypothesis that the urinary activity of DPP4 correlates with chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression. Experiments were conducted in male Wistar rats who underwent 5/6 nephrectomy (Nx) or sham operation followed by 8 wk of treatment with the DPP4 inhibitor (DPP4i) sitagliptin or vehicle. Proteinuria increased progressively in Nx rats throughout the observation period.

Acute kidney injury induced by glycerol is worsened by orchiectomy and attenuated by testosterone replacement.

Although several studies have demonstrated that the male gender represents an independent risk factor for renal disease, evidence shows that androgens exert renal protective actions. The findings are controversial and no studies have evaluated the effects of orchiectomy and testosterone replacement on glycerol-induced renal injury. Male Wistar rats were submitted to orchiectomy or sham surgery and divided into four groups: SC, sham control rats injected with NaCl; SG, sham rats injected with glycerol; OG, orchiectomized rats injected with glycerol; OGT, orchiectomized rats injected with glycerol and testosterone.

Vitamin D deficiency is a potential risk factor for lipid Amphotericin B nephrotoxicity.

Invasive fungal infections (IFI) is a worldwide serious health problem and Amphotericin B (AmB) has been considered the drug of choice for IFI treatment. Despite its efficacy, clinical use of AmB has been associated with renal toxicity. Some lines of evidence have shown that an extemporaneous lipid emulsion preparation of AmB (AmB/LE) was able to attenuate nephrotoxicity, presenting similar benefits at a lower cost.

N-acetyl-l-cysteine exacerbates kidney dysfunction caused by a chronic high-sodium diet in renal ischemia and reperfusion rats.

Aims: To investigate the effect of long-term N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) treatment in Wistar rats subjected to renal ischemia and reperfusion (IR) and a chronic high‑sodium diet (HSD).

Main Methods: Adult male Wistar rats received an HSD (8.0% NaCl) or a normal‑sodium diet (NSD; 1.

Vitamin D Deficiency Aggravates the Renal Features of Moderate Chronic Kidney Disease in 5/6 Nephrectomized Rats.

The pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease (CKD) involves a very complex interaction between hemodynamic and inflammatory processes, leading to glomerular/vascular sclerosis, and fibrosis formation with subsequent evolution to end-stage of renal disease. Despite efforts to minimize the progression of CKD, its incidence and prevalence continue to increase. Besides cardiovascular diseases and infections, several studies demonstrate that vitamin D status could be considered as a non-traditional risk factor for the progression of CKD.

Previous Exercise Training Reduces Markers of Renal Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Female Rats.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of regular moderate exercise training initiated previously or after induction of diabetes mellitus on renal oxidative stress and inflammation in STZ-induced diabetic female rats. For this purpose, Wistar rats were divided into five groups: sedentary control (SC), trained control (TC), sedentary diabetic (SD), trained diabetic (TD), and previously trained diabetic (PTD). Only the PTD group was submitted to treadmill running for 4 weeks previously to DM induction with streptozotocin (40 mg/kg, i.

Correction: Ecstasy induces reactive oxygen species, kidney water absorption and rhabdomyolysis in normal rats. Effect of N-acetylcysteine and Allopurinol in oxidative stress and muscle fiber damage.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

N-acetylcysteine Counteracts Adipose Tissue Macrophage Infiltration and Insulin Resistance Elicited by Advanced Glycated Albumin in Healthy Rats.

Advanced glycation endproducts elicit inflammation. However, their role in adipocyte macrophage infiltration and in the development of insulin resistance, especially in the absence of the deleterious biochemical pathways that coexist in diabetes mellitus, remains unknown. We investigated the effect of chronic administration of advanced glycated albumin (AGE-albumin) in healthy rats, associated or not with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) treatment, on insulin sensitivity, adipose tissue transcriptome and macrophage infiltration and polarization.

Ecstasy induces reactive oxygen species, kidney water absorption and rhabdomyolysis in normal rats. Effect of N-acetylcysteine and Allopurinol in oxidative stress and muscle fiber damage.

Background: Ecstasy (Ec) use produces hyperthermia, excessive sweating, intense thirst, an inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) and a multisystemic toxicity due to oxidative stress (OS). Intense thirst induces high intake of pure water, which associated with SIADH, usually develops into acute hyponatremia (Hn). As Hn is induced rapidly, experiments to check if Ec acted directly on the Inner Medullary Collecting Ducts (IMCD) of rats were conducted.

Attenuated diuresis and natriuresis in response to glucagon-like peptide-1 in hypertensive rats are associated with lower expression of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor in the renal vasculature.

Accumulating evidence from clinical and experimental studies indicates that the incretin glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) elicits blood-pressure lowering effects via its diuretic, natriuretic and vasodilatory properties. The present study investigated whether acute infusion of GLP-1 induces diuresis and natriuresis in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Additionally, we examined whether GLP-1 influences the vascular reactivity of the renal arteries of normotensive and hypertensive rats and elucidated the underlying mechanisms.

N-acetylcysteine protects against star fruit-induced acute kidney injury.

Background: Star fruit (SF) is a popular fruit, commonly cultivated in many tropical countries, that contains large amount of oxalate. Acute oxalate nephropathy and direct renal tubular damage through release of free radicals are the main mechanisms involved in SF-induced acute kidney injury (AKI). The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on SF-induced nephrotoxicity due to its potent antioxidant effect.

Allopurinol attenuates rhabdomyolysis-associated acute kidney injury: Renal and muscular protection.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is the most severe complication of rhabdomyolysis. Allopurinol (Allo), a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, has been in the spotlight in the last decade due to new therapeutic applications related to its potent antioxidant effect. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Allo in the prevention and treatment of rhabdomyolysis-associated AKI.

Treatment With Human Wharton's Jelly-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Attenuates Sepsis-Induced Kidney Injury, Liver Injury, and Endothelial Dysfunction.

Unlabelled: : The pathophysiology of sepsis involves complex cytokine and inflammatory mediator networks. Downregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase contributes to sepsis-induced endothelial dysfunction. Human Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) are known to reduce expression of proinflammatory cytokines and markers of apoptosis.

Vitamin D deficiency is a potential risk factor for contrast-induced nephropathy.

Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is widespread in the general population. Iodinated (IC) or gadolinium-based contrast media (Gd) may decrease renal function in high-risk patients. This study tested the hypothesis that VDD is a predisposing factor for IC- or Gd-induced nephrotoxicity.

Vitamin D deficiency aggravates ischemic acute kidney injury in rats.

Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) increases the risk of death in hospitalized patients. Renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) induces acute kidney injury (AKI), which activates cell cycle inhibitors, including p21, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor and genomic target of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, which is in turn a potent immunomodulator with antiproliferative effects. In this study, we assess the impact of VDD in renal IRI.

Tenofovir during pregnancy in rats: a novel pathway for programmed hypertension in the offspring.

Objectives: To evaluate the occurrence of systemic and renal abnormalities in the offspring of Wistar rats exposed to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (DF) during pregnancy.

Methods: Female Wistar rats received a standard diet, with or without addition of tenofovir DF (100 mg/kg diet), 1 week before mating and during pregnancy. Offspring from the tenofovir DF group were placed with an untreated foster mother during breastfeeding and compared with offspring from rats maintained on a standard diet during mating and pregnancy (control).

Vitamin D deficiency aggravates chronic kidney disease progression after ischemic acute kidney injury.

Background: Despite a significant improvement in the management of chronic kidney disease (CKD), its incidence and prevalence has been increasing over the years. Progressive renal fibrosis is present in CKD and involves the participation of several cytokines, including Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). Besides cardiovascular diseases and infections, several studies show that Vitamin D status has been considered as a non-traditional risk factor for the progression of CKD.

High-salt intake induces cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in rats in response to local angiotensin II type 1 receptor activation.

Many studies have shown that risk factors that are independent of blood pressure (BP) can contribute to the development of cardiac hypertrophy (CH). Among these factors, high-salt (HS) intake was prominent. Although some studies have attempted to elucidate the role of salt in the development of this disease, the mechanisms by which salt acts are not yet fully understood.

Vitamin D deficiency aggravates nephrotoxicity, hypertension and dyslipidemia caused by tenofovir: role of oxidative stress and renin-angiotensin system.

Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is prevalent among HIV-infected individuals. Vitamin D has been associated with renal and cardiovascular diseases because of its effects on oxidative stress, lipid metabolism and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), a widely used component of antiretroviral regimens for HIV treatment, can induce renal injury.