Observational Clinical Investigation Evaluating an Ophthalmic Solution Containing Xanthan Gum and Low Concentration Desonide Phosphate in Dry Eye Disease Treatment.

Introduction: Patients with dry eye disease (DED) complain of a multitude of symptoms that affect their visual function and quality of life (QoL). This clinical investigation assessed the performance, tolerance, and safety of a novel preservative-free ophthalmic solution containing xanthan gum 0.2% and desonide sodium phosphate 0.

Do Nutrients and Nutraceuticals Play a Role in Diabetic Retinopathy? A Systematic Review.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a multifactorial neuro-microvascular disease, whose prevalence ranges from 25% to 60% of subjects affected by diabetes mellitus, representing the main cause of legal blindness in adults of industrialized countries. The treatment of advanced stage of DR is based on invasive and expensive therapies, while few strategies are available for the early stage or prevention. The mechanisms underlying DR involve a complex interplay between the detrimental effects of hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, hypoxia, and oxidative stress, providing several pathways potentially targeted by nutrients and nutraceuticals.

Reduced Posology of an Ophthalmic Hydrogel Containing Dexamethasone/Netilmicin to Prevent and Treat Ocular Inflammation After Cataract Surgery: Efficacy and Tolerability.

Introduction: To demonstrate efficacy and safety of an ophthalmic hydrogel formulation of netilmicin/dexamethasone, containing xanthan gum twice a day (b.i.d.

Preclinical study of a new matrix to help the ocular surface in dry eye disease.

Dry eye disease (DED), a multifactorial disease of the tears and ocular system, causes loss of tear film homeostasis with damage to the ocular surface. This study aimed to assess whether a peculiar matrix based on sodium hyaluronate (HA), xanthan gum (XNT), glycine (GLY) and betaine (BET) as osmoprotectants, could be involved in biological responses. Wound healing assay on human corneal epithelial (HCE) cells in monolayer showed a synergistic effect of the combination of HA + XNT (**p ≤ 0.

Assessment of a New Nanostructured Microemulsion System for Ocular Delivery of Sorafenib to Posterior Segment of the Eye.

Eye drop formulations allowing topical treatment of retinal pathologies have long been sought as alternatives to intravitreal administration. This study aimed to assess whether a novel nanostructured microemulsions system (NaMESys) could be usefully employed to deliver sorafenib to the retina following topical instillation. NaMESys carrying 0.

Complement System and Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Implications of Gene-Environment Interaction for Preventive and Personalized Medicine.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of visual loss in developed countries, with a significant economic and social burden on public health. Although genome-wide and gene-candidate studies have been enabled to identify genetic variants in the complement system associated with AMD pathogenesis, the effect of gene-environment interaction is still under debate. In this review we provide an overview of the role of complement system and its genetic variants in AMD, summarizing the consequences of the interaction between genetic and environmental risk factors on AMD onset, progression, and therapeutic response.

Curcumin Modulates DNA Methyltransferase Functions in a Cellular Model of Diabetic Retinopathy.

Hyperglycaemia-induced oxidative stress appears to be involved in the aetiology of diabetic retinopathy (DR), a major public health issue, via altering DNA methylation process. We investigated the effect of hyperglycaemia on retinal DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) expression in diabetic mice, using Gene Expression Omnibus datasets. We also evaluated the effect of curcumin both on high glucose-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and altered DNMT functions, in a cellular model of DR.

Resveratrol Modulates SIRT1 and DNMT Functions and Restores LINE-1 Methylation Levels in ARPE-19 Cells under Oxidative Stress and Inflammation.

The role of epigenetic alterations in the pathogenesis of retinal degenerative diseases, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD), has been pending so far. Our study investigated the effect of oxidative stress and inflammation on DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) functions, as well as on long interspersed nuclear element-1 (LINE-1) methylation, in human retinal pigment epithelial (ARPE-19) cells. Therefore, we evaluated whether treatment with resveratrol may modulate DNMT and SIRT1 functions and restore changes in LINE-1 methylation.

Effects of a new lipid tear substitute in a mouse model of dry eye.

Purpose: The present investigation is aimed to evaluate the effect of a new lipid artificial tear on tear volume and ocular surface signs in a mouse model of dry eye and to test the hypothesis that the combined application with sodium hyaluronate can improve the performance of the treatments.

Methods: A new oil-in-water emulsion, a 0.2% sodium hyaluronate solution, or their combined administration were given to dry eye mice maintained in a controlled environment chamber and treated with scopolamine (0.

Interface properties of simplified tear-like fluids in relation to lipid and aqueous layers composition.

The Langmuir trough approach to the study of the physical properties of an in vitro system representing the natural tear lipid-aqueous interface gives useful information on the effect produced by changes of composition of both phases. We found that variations of the composition of the lipid mixture affect more strongly the characteristics of the film rather than changes in the aqueous phase composition. Therefore, future investigations should consider the possibility of searching for and optimising additions of lipid mixtures to the natural tear film.