Complex dynamical aspects of organic electrolyte solutions.

Molecular dynamics of acetone-alkali metal halide (LiBr, LiI) solutions were investigated using depolarized Rayleigh scattering (DRS) and low-frequency Raman spectroscopy in the frequency range from ~0.5 to 200 cm(-1) (~20 GHz to 6 THz). These experiments probe fast dynamical fluctuations of the polarizability anisotropy at picosecond and sub-picosecond time scales that are mainly driven by acetone orientational dynamics.

Merged- and separate-band behavior of the C═O stretching band in N,N-dimethylformamide isotopic liquid mixtures: DMF/DMF-d1, DMF/DMF-d6, and DMF/DMF-13C═O.

A combined experimental and theoretical analysis is carried out on the polarized (isotropic and anisotropic) Raman spectra in the spectral region of the C═O stretching (amide I) band of three isotopic liquid mixtures of N,N-dimethylformamide (normal/d(1), normal/d(6), and normal/(13)C═O). Two distinct types of spectral behavior are found for the isotropic Raman spectra: the separate-band behavior (for normal/(13)C═O), where two separate bands (one for each species) appear at all concentrations but with significant intensity bias, and the merged-band behavior (for normal/d(6)), where only one band appears at a frequency between those of the two species and with a band shape noticeably different from the simple overlap of their profiles. An intermediate case between these two limits is also found (for normal/d(1)).

Molecular dynamics of liquid acetone determined by depolarized Rayleigh and low-frequency Raman scattering spectroscopy.

Slow to ultrafast dynamics of liquid acetone at variable temperature was investigated by depolarized Rayleigh and low-frequency Raman scattering spectroscopy, in the region 0-200 cm(-1). A detailed analysis was performed on the spectra and corresponding time responses, and a consistent view of the molecular dynamics of this dipolar solvent was obtained. The effects of temperature on the spectra were interpreted, and distinct dynamical processes identified.

Raman spectroscopic studies of liquid phase ordering and dynamics for solutions of ME6N liquid crystal: the approach to simple molecule behavior at high dilutions.

We have measured the Raman isotropic profiles of the ν(C≡N) band at 2235 cm(-1) for five solutions of ME6N (4-cyanophenyl-4'-hexylbenzoate) liquid crystal dissolved in CCl(4) in the range from x = 0.12 to 0.007 (x, mole fraction of ME6N) and then obtained the corresponding vibrational correlation functions, C(v)(t), by time Fourier transformation.

The influence of alkaline earth ions on the structural organization of acetone probed by the noncoincidence effect of the nu(C=O) band: experimental and quantum chemical results.

We have investigated the Raman noncoincidence effect (NCE = nu(aniso)-nu(iso), where nu(aniso) and nu(iso) are the anisotropic and the isotropic Raman frequencies) of the nu(C=O) band of acetone arising from the interactions of this solvent with the metal ions in acetone electrolytic solutions of alkaline earth metal (Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba) perchlorates. Assisted by the results of ab initio molecular orbital (MO) calculations carried out at the Hartree-Fock (HF) level with the 6-31+G(2df,p) and LanL2DZ basis sets, we have been able to attribute the anisotropic and isotropic components of this band to the formation of acetone-metal ion clusters, (acetone)(n)M(2+), and to interpret its high and negative NCE, opposed to the positive NCE of the bulk liquid, as the consequence of the large separation between the higher frequency of the in-phase mode (active in the Raman isotropic spectrum) and the lower (average) frequency of the n- 1 out-of-phase modes (predominantly active in the Raman anisotropic spectrum). The negative sign of the NCE is compatible with the transition dipole coupling (TDC) mechanism.

Influence of ions on the structural organization of dipolar liquids probed by the noncoincidence effect: experimental and quantum chemical results.

The C=O stretching [nu(C=O)] Raman bands of the carbonyl solvents, S (acetone and acetophenone), in some electrolytic solutions of lithium and sodium salts (M(+)X(-)) are analyzed. The large and negative values of the noncoincidence effect (NCE=nu(ani)-nu(iso)) measured for the component of this band generated by the solvent-ion interactions are interpreted in the light of the results of ab initio quantum chemical calculations performed for clusters of type (S)nM(+) and also on the basis of the transition dipole coupling mechanism between pairs of nu(C=O) oscillators. The effects of the size of the ion M(+) and of the solvation number n on the NCE are analyzed.

Time-domain theoretical analysis of the noncoincidence effect, diagonal frequency shift, and the extent of delocalization of the C=O stretching mode of acetone/dimethyl sulfoxide binary liquid mixtures.

A time-domain method for simulating vibrational band profiles that simultaneously takes into account both the diagonal and off-diagonal effects is developed and applied to the C=O stretching bands of neat liquid acetone and the acetone/dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) binary liquid mixtures. By using this method, it is possible to examine the influence of liquid dynamics on the noncoincidence effect (NCE), which arises from the off-diagonal vibrational interactions, as well as the frequency shifts and band broadening, which are related to both the diagonal and off-diagonal effects. It is shown that the simulations for the C=O stretching bands of acetone in acetone/DMSO binary liquid mixtures on the basis of this method can reproduce the experimentally observed concave curvature of the concentration dependence of the NCE and the unusually large frequency shift of the anisotropic Raman band.

Concentration-dependent frequency shifts and Raman spectroscopic noncoincidence effect of the C=O stretching mode in dipolar mixtures of acetone/dimethyl sulfoxide. Experimental, theoretical, and simulation results.

The nu(C=O) Raman band frequencies of acetone have been analyzed to separate the contributions of the environmental effect and the vibrational coupling to the gas-to-liquid frequency shifts of this band and to elucidate the changes in these two contributions upon dilution in DMSO. We have measured the frequencies of the nu((12)C=O) band in acetone/DMSO binary mixtures, the nu((13)C=O) band of the acetone-(13)C=O present as a natural abundance isotopic impurity in these mixtures, and both the nu((12)C=O) and nu((13)C=O) bands in the acetone-(12)C=O/acetone-(13)C=O isotopic mixtures at infinite dilution. These frequencies are compared with those of the nu((12)C=O) band in the acetone/CCl(4) binary mixtures measured previously.

Relaxation processes of the liquid crystal ME6N in the isotropic phase studied by Raman scattering experiments.

We have investigated the Raman profiles of the nu(C[Triple Bond]N) and nu(C=O) vibrational modes of the nematic liquid crystal ME6N (4-cyanophenyl-4(')-hexylbenzoate) in the isotropic phase at different temperatures and used them as probes of the dynamics and structural organization of this liquid. The vibrational time correlation functions of the nu(C[Triple Bond]N) mode, rather adequately interpreted within the assumption of exponential modulation function (the Kubo-Rothschild theory), indicate that the system experiences an intermediate dynamical regime that gets only slightly faster with increasing temperature. However, this theory fails in predicting the non-exponential behavior that the time correlation functions manifest in the long time range (t>3 ps).