The BDNF protein is associated with glucose homeostasis and food intake in carriers of common BDNF gene variants.

Context: The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) concentrations may differ between BDNF gene genotype carriers. These changes occur in individuals with metabolic and mental disorders.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the associations of glucose homeostasis parameters and the frequency of food consumption with BDNF protein concentrations based on the BDNF single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).

Obesity-related parameters in carriers of some BDNF genetic variants may depend on daily dietary macronutrients intake.

Some common single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene have been associated not only with the neurodegenerative diseases but also with some eating disorders. The aim of this study was to assess the possible differences in the obesity-related and glucose metabolism parameters between some BDNF genotypes', that may depend on the daily energy and macronutrients intake. In 484 adult participants we performed the anthropometric measurements, body composition analysis, and body fat distribution.

Testing the Utility of Polygenic Risk Scores for Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity in Predicting Metabolic Changes in a Prediabetic Population: An Observational Study.

Prediabetes is an intermediate state of hyperglycemia during which glycemic parameters are above normal levels but below the T2D threshold. T2D and its precursor prediabetes affect 6.28% and 7.

The Beneficial Effect of Cinnamon and Red Capsicum Intake on Postprandial Changes in Plasma Metabolites Evoked by a High-Carbohydrate Meal in Men with Overweight/Obesity.

The relationship of high-carbohydrate (HC) meal intake to metabolic syndrome is still not fully explained. Metabolomics has the potential to indicate metabolic pathways altered by HC meals, which may improve our knowledge regarding the mechanisms by which HC meals may contribute to metabolic syndrome development. The fasting and postprandial metabolic response to HC or normo-carbohydrate (NC) meals with/without cinnamon + capsicum intake was evaluated using untargeted metabolomics and compared between normal-weight (NW) and overweight/obese (OW/OB) healthy men.

High-Fat or High-Carbohydrate Meal-Does It Affect the Metabolism of Men with Excess Body Weight?

Excessive adipose tissue in the body may lead to adverse health effects, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of a standardized high-fat meal (HF) on changes in energy expenditure and changes in the oxidation of energy substrates as well as the concentration of glucose, insulin, triglycerides and homocysteine in blood serum in relation to a standardized high-carbohydrate (non-fat, HC) meal in men with different nutritional status. In this study, 26 men (aged 19-60) without carbohydrate disorders (study group G = 13 overweight/obese; control group G = 13 normal body weight) were examined.

Metabolomic Profile of Skeletal Muscle and Its Change Under a Mixed-Mode Exercise Intervention in Progressively Dysglycemic Subjects.

Skeletal muscles play an essential role in whole-body glucose homeostasis. They are a key organ system engaged in the development of insulin resistance, and also a crucial tissue mediating the beneficial metabolic effects of physical activity. However, molecular mechanisms underlying both these processes in skeletal muscle remain unclear.

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy-Based Metabolomics Analysis Reveals Potential Biochemical Markers for Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.

Due to many adverse effects of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on the mother and fetus, its diagnosis is crucial. The presence of GDM can be confirmed by an abnormal fasting plasma glucose level (aFPG) and/or oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) performed mostly between 24 and 28 gestational week. Both aFPG and abnormal glucose tolerance (aGT) are used to diagnose GDM.

Dietary Fiber Intake May Influence the Impact of Genetic Variants on Obesity Parameters and Lipid Profile-A Cohort Study of a Caucasian Population of Polish Origin.

Genetic and environmental factors play a key role in the development of obesity. The aim of this study was to explore the potential effect of fat mass and obesity-associated () rs3751812, rs8050136, rs9939609, rs6499640, rs8044769, and rs7190492 genotypes and dietary fiber intake on the obesity-related parameters and lipid profile in the Polish population. We selected 819 Polish Caucasian adult subjects (52.

An Association between Diet and Genetic Polymorphism, in Relation to Obesity and Metabolic Parameters-A Cross Sectional Population-Based Study.

The melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) gene harbours one of the strongest susceptibility loci for obesity and obesity-related metabolic consequences. We analysed whether dietary factors may attenuate the associations between genotypes and obesity and metabolic parameters. In 819 participants genotyped for common polymorphisms (rs17782313, rs12970134, rs633265, and rs135034), the anthropometric measurements, body fat content and distribution (visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue, VAT and SAT, respectively), and blood glucose, insulin, total-, LDL-, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides concentrations, and daily macronutrient intake were assessed.

Clinical relevance of estimating circulating interleukin-17 and interleukin-23 during methylprednisolone therapy in Graves' orbitopathy: A preliminary study.

Purpose: Graves' orbitopathy (GO) is an important problem in endocrinology. Currently used methods of assessing the degree of activity of the autoimmune process are not satisfactory. Therefore, there is a need to establish indicators of greater utility.

Inhibitors of immune checkpoints-PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4-new opportunities for cancer patients and a new challenge for internists and general practitioners.

The treatment of cancer patients with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) (anti-CTLA-4, anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1, combined therapy anti-PD-1/PD-L1 with anti-CTLA-4) has without doubt been a significant breakthrough in the field of oncology in recent years and constitutes a major step forward as a novel type of immunotherapy in the treatment of cancer. ICIs have contributed to a significant improvement in the outcome of treatment and prognosis of patients with different types of malignancy. With the expansion of the use of ICIs, it is expected that caregivers will face new challenges, namely, they will have to manage the adverse side effects associated with the use of these drugs.

Dietary Macronutrient Intake May Influence the Effects of TCF7L2 rs7901695 Genetic Variants on Glucose Homeostasis and Obesity-Related Parameters: A Cross-Sectional Population-Based Study.

Transcription factor-7-like 2 (TCF7L2) is one of the most important susceptibility genes for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of our cross-sectional population-based study was to analyze whether daily macronutrient intake may influence the effects of the TCF7L2 rs7901695 genotype on glucose homeostasis and obesity-related parameters. We recruited 810 participants (47.

The Impact of Genetic Variants on Obesity and Its Metabolic Consequences is Dependent on Daily Macronutrient Intake.

Numerous studies have identified the various fat mass and obesity-associated () genetic variants associated with obesity and its metabolic consequences; however, the impact of dietary factors on these associations remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), daily macronutrient intake, and obesity and its metabolic consequences. From 1549 Caucasian subjects of Polish origin, genotyped for the SNPs (rs3751812, rs8044769, rs8050136, and rs9939609), 819 subjects were selected for gene-diet interaction analysis.

Type B insulin resistance syndrome associated with connective tissue disease and psoriasis.

Summary: Type B insulin resistance syndrome (TBIR) is characterised by the rapid onset of severe insulin resistance due to circulating anti-insulin receptor antibodies (AIRAs). Widespread acanthosis nigricans is normally seen, and co-occurrence with other autoimmune diseases is common. We report a 27-year-old Caucasian man with psoriasis and connective tissue disease who presented with unexplained rapid weight loss, severe acanthosis nigricans, and hyperglycaemia punctuated by fasting hypoglycaemia.

Circulating miRNAs as a Predictive Biomarker of the Progression from Prediabetes to Diabetes: Outcomes of a 5-Year Prospective Observational Study.

Due to a global increase in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), there is an urgent need for early identification of prediabetes, as these people have the highest risk of developing diabetes. Circulating miRNAs have shown potential as progression biomarkers in other diseases. This study aimed to conduct a baseline comparison of serum-circulating miRNAs in prediabetic individuals, with the distinction between those who later progressed to T2DM and those who did not.

The contamination of inland waters by microplastic fibres under different anthropogenic pressure: Preliminary study in Central Europe (Poland).

The contamination of freshwater ecosystems with microfibres has not yet been studied in Poland. We analysed samples from a river and three lakes located in central and northeastern Poland. A significantly higher number of fibres were reported in the river, which runs through large cities, compared with the lake situated within the Landscape Park.

Interleukin-6 and Interleukin-15 as Possible Biomarkers of the Risk of Autoimmune Diabetes Development.

Aim: The aim of our study was to assay circulating interleukin-15 (IL-15) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels and insulin resistance measured by two different methods in newly diagnosed autoimmune diabetes (AD) patients, their I° relatives, and healthy controls.

Material And Methods: The group studied consisted of 54 patients with AD (28 with Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (LADA) and 26 with type 1 diabetes (T1D)), 70 first-degree relatives, and 60 controls. IL-6, IL-15, and anti-islet antibodies concentrations were measured by ELISA method.

Sex-Specific Glucose Homeostasis and Anthropometric Responses to Sleeve Gastrectomy in Obese Patients.

Bariatric surgery rapidly and effectively treats obesity and its comorbidities like dysregulated glucose homeostasis. Despite the sex-balanced incidence of obesity in most human populations, women have sought this intervention more frequently than men. However, as the number of bariatric surgeries rapidly rises, it is increasingly urgent to understand how sex-specific differences may emerge in metabolic and anthropometric parameters.

Clusters of Glycemic Response to Oral Glucose Tolerance Tests Explain Multivariate Metabolic and Anthropometric Outcomes of Bariatric Surgery in Obese Patients.

Glycemic responses to bariatric surgery are highly heterogeneous among patients and defining response types remains challenging. Recently developed data-driven clustering methods have uncovered subtle pathophysiologically informative patterns among patients without diabetes. This study aimed to explain responses among patients with and without diabetes to bariatric surgery with clusters of glucose concentration during oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs).

Efficacy of family history, genetic risk score, and physical activity in assessing the prevalence of type 2 diabetes.

Introduction: Environmental and genetic factors play an important role in the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). One of the most important lifestyle factors is a low level of physical activity (PA), but no studies have explicitly compared the amount of variation in diabetes prevalence explained by variation in PA compared with the amount explained by genetic variation.

Objectives: We examined associations between PA and patients stratified by the levels of genetic susceptibility to T2D and the prevalence of the disease.

Metabolomics Reveal Altered Postprandial Lipid Metabolism After a High-Carbohydrate Meal in Men at High Genetic Risk of Diabetes.

Background: The transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) gene confers one of the strongest genetic predispositions to type 2 diabetes, but diabetes development can be modified by diet.

Objective: The aim of our study was to evaluate postprandial metabolic alterations in healthy men with a high genetic risk of diabetes, after two meals with varying macronutrient content.

Methods: The study was conducted in 21 homozygous nondiabetic men carrying the high-risk (HR, n = 8, age: 31.

The Role of Muscle Decline in Type 2 Diabetes Development: A 5-Year Prospective Observational Cohort Study.

The major risk factors of T2DM (type 2 diabetes mellitus) development are still under investigation. We evaluate the possible risk factors associated with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in adult subjects during a five-year prospective cohort study. We recruited 1160 subjects who underwent oral glucose tolerance test, anthropometric measurements, and body composition and body fat distribution analysis at a baseline visit and again at follow-up after approximately five years.

The Type 2 Diabetes Susceptibility PROX1 Gene Variants Are Associated with Postprandial Plasma Metabolites Profile in Non-Diabetic Men.

The prospero homeobox 1 (PROX1) gene may show pleiotropic effects on metabolism. We evaluated postprandial metabolic alterations dependently on the rs340874 genotypes, and 28 non-diabetic men were divided into two groups: high-risk (HR)-genotype (CC-genotype carriers, = 12, 35.3 ± 9.

The MC4R genetic variants are associated with lower visceral fat accumulation and higher postprandial relative increase in carbohydrate utilization in humans.

Purpose: The interactions between lifestyle and genetic factors play an important role in obesity development. Mutations in melanocortin-4-receptor (MC4R) gene are one of the most common cause of monogenic obesity, however, the functional effects of polymorphic variants near MC4R gene in general populations remain uncertain. The aim of our study was to analyze whether the common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of MC4R gene influence the food preferences, physical activity, body fat content and distribution, as well as fasting and postprandial energy expenditure and substrates utilization.