Gastric siderosis: an endoscopic diagnosis challenge.

A 71-year-old man presented for a routine physical examination with multiple comorbidities, including severe panvascular disease and valvulopathy, requiring anticoagulation therapy. He had a history of chronic hemolytic anemia and had been taking oral ferrous sulfate for two years. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGE) was performed, as part of the study of the persist anemia, revealing an extensive nodular area with multiple brownish deposits and spontaneous hemorrhage.

Artificial intelligence in gastrointestinal endoscopy - Evolution to a new era.

Artificial intelligence (AI) systems based on machine learning have evolved in the last few years with an increasing applicability in gastrointestinal endoscopy. Thanks to AI, an image (input) can be transformed into a clinical decision (output). Although AI systems have been initially studied to improve detection (CADe) and characterization of colorectal lesions (CADx), other indications are being currently investigated as detection of blind spots, scope guidance, or delineation/measurement of lesions.