Differential response of pineal microglia to surgical versus pharmacological stimuli.

Microglial cells are one of the interstitial elements of the pineal gland (PG). We recently reported the pattern of microglia colonization and activation, and microglia-Pax6 cell interactions during normal pineal ontogeny. Here, we describe the dynamics of microglia-Pax6 cell associations and interactions after surgical or pharmacological manipulation.

Alterations in Metabolism and Diurnal Rhythms following Bilateral Surgical Removal of the Superior Cervical Ganglia in Rats.

Mammalian circadian rhythms are controlled by a master pacemaker located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), which is synchronized to the environment by photic and nonphotic stimuli. One of the main functions of the SCN is to regulate peripheral oscillators to set temporal variations in the homeostatic control of physiology and metabolism. In this sense, the SCN coordinate the activity/rest and feeding/fasting rhythms setting the timing of food intake, energy expenditure, thermogenesis, and active and basal metabolism.

Non-intubated uniportal left-lower lobe upper segmentectomy (S6).

Worldwide accepted indications of anatomical segmentectomies are mainly early stage primary adenocarcinomas, pulmonary metastasis and benign conditions. Their performance through uniportal VATS has become more and more popular due to the less invasiveness of the whole procedure under this approach. Recently, many efforts have focused on non-intubated spontaneously breathing management of lobectomies and anatomical segmentectomies, although specific selection criteria and main advantages are not completely standardized.

Single-incision video-assisted thoracoscopic evaluation and emergent surgery for severe lung and chest wall injury after thoracic trauma in a water park.

Thoracic trauma is a challenging situation with potential severe chest wall and intrathoracic organ injuries. We present a case of emergent surgery in a 23-year-old man with hemorrhagic shock due to massive lung and chest wall injury after thoracic trauma in a water slide. We performed a SI-VATS approach in order to define intrathoracic and chest wall injuries, and once checked the extension of the chest wall injury, we added a middle size thoracotomy just over the affected area in order to stabilize rib fractures with Judet plates, that had caused massive laceration in left lower lobe (LLL) and injured the pericardium causing myocardical tear.

Single-incision video-assisted anatomical segmentectomy with handsewn bronchial closure for endobronchial lipoma.

Endobronchial lipomas are rare benign tumors whose symptoms are usually confused with recurrent infections or even asthma diagnosis, and mostly caused by endobronquial obstructive component which also conditions severity. We report a case of a 60-year-old man with a right-lower lobe upper-segment endobronchial myxoid tumor with uncertain diagnosis. We performed a single incision video-assisted anatomical segmentectomy and wedge bronchoplasty with handsewn closure to achieve complete resection and definitive diagnosis.

Fludarabine, cyclophosphamide and rituximab as first-line treatment in patients with newly diagnosed follicular lymphoma.

Unlabelled: Fludarabine-based regimens are highly effective as first-line therapy in patients with follicular lymphoma. Nevertheless, noticeable haematological toxicity has been reported using fludarabine-based regimens.

Aim: To analyse the combination of low-dose oral fludarabine and cyclophosphamide plus rituximab (FCR) as induction therapy, followed by rituximab as maintenance therapy.

Increased hospital stay and allograft dysfunction in renal transplant recipients with Cyp2c19 AA variant in SNP rs4244285.

Pharmacogenetics correlates certain genetic variants, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), with blood drug levels, efficacy, and adverse effects of the treatment. Tacrolimus is mainly metabolized via CYP3A4/5, whereas CYP2C19 and CYP3A4/5 are responsible for omeprazole metabolism. Omeprazole inhibits tacrolimus metabolism via CYP3A5 in patients carrying variant alleles of CYP2C19, increasing tacrolimus blood concentrations.