Exploring the Phytochemical Composition and the Bioactive Properties of Malbec and Torrontés Wine Pomaces from the Calchaquíes Valleys (Argentina) for Their Sustainable Exploitation.

Hydroalcoholic extracts from Malbec and Torrontés wine pomaces ( L.) originating from the high-altitude vineyards of Argentina's Calchaquí Valleys were characterized. Total phenolics, hydroxycinnamic acids, orthodiphenols, anthocyanins, non-flavonoid phenolics, total flavonoids, flavones/flavonols, flavanones/dihydroflavonols, and tannins were quantified through spectrophotometric methods, with the Malbec extract exhibiting higher concentrations in most of phytochemical groups when compared to Torrontés.

Oral treatment with Berberine reduces peripheral nociception: Possible interaction with different nociceptive pathways activated by different allogeneic substances.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Berberine was identified in extracts of Berberis ruscifolia Lam., a plant used in traditional medicine as an analgesic. Its presence may be involved in the reported pharmacological activity of this species.

Antinociceptive effect and identification of berberine alkaloid in Berberis ruscifolia extracts.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Aerial parts (leaves and stems) of Berberis ruscifolia Lam. are a usual preparation as an analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, antibacterial, and digestive in folk medicine. However, there were no previous studies of its chemical composition and biological activity related to analgesic effects.

A State-of-the-art Review and Prospective Therapeutic Applications of Prenyl Flavonoids as Chemosensitizers against Antifungal Multidrug Resistance in Candida albicans.

Multidrug resistance (MDR) in the opportunistic pathogen Candida albicans is defined as non-susceptibility to at least one agent in two or more drug classes. This phenomenon has been increasingly reported since the rise in the incidence of fungal infections in immunocompromised patients at the end of the last century. After the discovery of efflux pump overexpression as a principal mechanism causing MDR in Candida strains, drug discovery targeting fungal efflux transporters has had a growing impact.

Silver bionanoparticles toxicity in trophoblast is mediated by nitric oxide and glutathione pathways.

Silver bionanoparticles (AgNPs) biosynthesized by Pseudomonas aeruginosa culture supernatant have an important antibacterial activity mediated by ROS increase; however their toxicity in human cells is not known. Due to the high susceptibility of the developing tissues to xenobiotics, the aim of this study was to investigate the AgNPs effect on first trimester human trophoblasts. The HTR8/SVneo cell line was treated with AgNPs (0.

Trophoblast toxicity of the neonicotinoid insecticide acetamiprid and an acetamiprid-based formulation.

The neonicotinoid (Neo) insecticide family is a relatively new class of pesticides of growing use. There is an increasing concern that human exposure to environmental pollutants in utero may be associated with diseases in adulthood. A functional placenta and trophoblasts are a requisite for a healthy pregnancy.

12α-hydroxy--demethyl-sauroxine, a lycodane type alkaloid from .

12α-hydroxy--demethyl-sauroxine (), another new Lycopodium alkaloid from the Lycodane group, was isolated from (Lam.) B. Øllg.

Flavonoids as protective agents against oxidative stress induced by gentamicin in systemic circulation. Potent protective activity and microbial synergism of luteolin.

The flavonoids effect on gentamicin (GEN)-induced oxidative stress (OS) in systemic circulation was evaluated in terms of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, enzymatic antioxidant defenses superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), and lipid peroxidation (LP) in vitro on human leukocytes and in vivo on rat whole blood. The inhibitory activity of ROS was ATS < QTS < isovitexin < vitexin < luteolin. Luteolin, the most active, showed more inhibition in ROS production than vitamin C (reference inhibitor) in mononuclear cells and a slightly lower protective behavior compared to this inhibitor in polymorphonuclear cells.

The antioxidant activity of a prenyl flavonoid alters its antifungal toxicity on Candida albicans biofilms.

The antioxidant effect of 8PP, a prenylflavonoid from Dalea elegans on Candida albicans biofilms, was investigated. We previously reported that sensitive (SCa) and resistant C. albicans (RCa) biofilms were strongly inhibited by this compound, in a dose-depending manner (50 μM-100 μM), with a prooxidant effect leading to accumulation of endogenous oxidative metabolites and increased antioxidant defenses.

An alkaloid extract obtained from Phlegmariurus Saururus induces neuroprotection after status epilepticus.

Background: The brain is exposed to many excitotoxic insults that can lead to neuronal damage. Among these, Epilepsy is a neurological disease that affects a large percentage of world population and is commonly associated with cognitive disorders and excitotoxic neuronal death. Most experimental strategies are focused on preventing Status Epilepticus (SE), but once it has already occurred, the key question is whether it is possible to save neurons.

Protective effect of quercetin in gentamicin-induced oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo in blood cells. Effect on gentamicin antimicrobial activity.

We have evaluated the effect of gentamicin and gentamicin plus quercetin on ROS production, endogenous antioxidant defenses (SOD and CAT) and lipid peroxidation in vitro on human leukocytes and in vivo on whole rat blood. Gentamicin generated ROS production in human leukocytes, produced a dual effect on both enzymes dosage-dependent and generated an increase in lipid peroxidation. Quercetin, in leukocytes stimulated by gentamicin, showed more inhibitory capacity in ROS production than the reference inhibitor (vitaminC) in mononuclear cells and a similar protective behavior at this inhibitor in polymorphonuclear cells.

Usnic Acid Activity on Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress of Azole-Resistant Candida albicans Biofilm.

Several studies report that (+)-usnic acid, a lichen secondary metabolite, inhibits growth of different bacteria and fungi; however, the mechanism of its antimicrobial activity remains unknown. In this study, we explored the ability of usnic acid, obtained from , as an antibiofilm agent against azole-resistant and azole-sensitive Candida albicans strains by studying the cellular stress and antioxidant response in biofilms. The biofilm inhibitory concentration of usnic acid (4 µg/mL) exhibited a significant biofilm inhibition, 71.

Antifungal activity of a prenylated flavonoid from Dalea elegans against Candida albicans biofilms.

Background: The continuing emergence of infections with antifungal resistant Candida strains requires a constant search for new antifungal drugs, with the plant kingdom being an important source of chemical structures.

Purpose: The present study investigated the antifungal effect of 2',4'-dihydroxy-5'-(1''',1'''-dimethylallyl)-8-prenylpinocembrin (8PP, formerly 6PP), a natural prenylflavonoid, on Candida albicans biofilms, and compared this with an azole antifungal (fluconazole) by studying the cellular stress and antioxidant response.

Study Design/methods: The fluconazole sensitive (SCa) and azole-resistant (RCa) C.

Amino acid content and acetylcholinesterase inhibition of Huperzia saururus infusion and decoction.

Unlabelled: CONTEXT. Huperzia saururus (Lam.) Trevis.

Study of the interaction of Huperzia saururus Lycopodium alkaloids with the acetylcholinesterase enzyme.

In the present study, we describe and compare the binding modes of three Lycopodium alkaloids (sauroine, 6-hydroxylycopodine and sauroxine; isolated from Huperzia saururus) and huperzine A with the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. Refinement and rescoring of the docking poses (obtained with different programs) with an all atom force field helped to improve the quality of the protein-ligand complexes. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed to investigate the complexes and the alkaloid's binding modes.

Involvement of the L-arginine-nitric oxide pathway in the antinociception caused by fruits of Prosopis strombulifera (Lam.) Benth.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Prosopis strombulifera (Lam.) Benth. is a rhizomatous shrub that grows in the north and central zone of Argentina.

Alkaloid profiling and anticholinesterase activity of South American Lycopodiaceae species.

The alkaloid extracts of four Huperzia and one Lycopodiella species, from Brazilian habitats, were tested for their in vitro anticholinesterase activities. IC(50) values showed a potent acetylcholinesterase inhibition for H. reflexa (0.

Investigation of the in vitro and ex vivo acetylcholinesterase and antioxidant activities of traditionally used Lycopodium species from South America on alkaloid extracts.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: The study was aimed at evaluating medicinal and therapeutic potentials of two Lycopodiaceae species, Lycopodium clavatum (L.) and Lycopodium thyoides (Humb. & Bonpl.

Prenylated flavanones with anti-tyrosinase activity from Dalea boliviana.

Three new prenylated flavanones, (2S)-5,7,2'-trihydroxy-5'-(1''',1'''-dimethylallyl)-8-prenylflavanone (1), (2S)-5,7,2'-trihydroxy-8,3'-diprenylflavanone (2), and (2S)-5,2'-dihydroxy-6'',6''-dimethylchromeno-(7,8:2'',3'')-3'-prenylflavanone (3), and a known chromeno (dimethylpyrano) flavanone, obovatin (4), were isolated from the n-hexane extract of Dalea boliviana roots. The compounds were evaluated in vitro in relation to their inhibitory effect on the tyrosinase activity by using a spectrophotometric method.

Two new alkamides from roots of Acmella decumbens.

From the roots of Acmella decumbens (Sm) R.K. Jansen three compounds belonging to the alkamide family were isolated: (2E, 4E)-N-hydroxiphenylethyl-2,4-decadien-9-inamide (1); (4E, 6E)-N-isobutyl-4,6-undecen-10-inamide; (2) and (2Z)-N-phenylethyl-2-nonane-6,8-diinamide (3).