A Role of Cytokine Gene Polymorphisms in Cognitive Functioning.

The changes in cognitive functions that occur with aging and in various pathological conditions are a subject of growing interest. Experimental and clinical data justify the hypothesis about the influence the immune system exerts on cognitive processes. The balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines has been established as a necessary factor for normal cognitive functioning.

Alterations in serum levels of IL-17 in contrast to TNF-alpha correspond to disease-modifying treatment in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.

Cytokines of different types play an important role in multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis as mediators and regulators of the immune processes in the central nervous system. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of interferon-beta and glatiramer acetate on serum concentrations of TNF-alpha and IL-17 A and their correlation with the degree of disability in clinically stable patients with relapsing-remitting MS. A cross-sectional, case-control study of 220 patients (68 treatment naïve; 152 treated with interferon-beta or glatiramer acetate) and 99 clinically healthy age-gender-body mass index-matched subjects were performed.

Cognitive Impairment in Multiple Sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a socially significant immune-mediated disease, characterized by demyelination, axonal transection and oligodendropathy in the central nervous system. Inflammatory demyelination and neurodegeneration lead to brain atrophy and cognitive deficit in up to 75% of the patients. Cognitive dysfunctions impact significantly patients' quality of life, independently from the course and phase of the disease.

25 Hydroxyvitamin D and Cytokines in Multiple Sclerosis.

Introduction: Clinical trials of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) have produced inconsistent results for the profile of cytokine secretion in serum and cerebrospinal fluid in patients with multiple sclerosis during periods of relapse and remission. Epidemiological and clinical observations data reveal an association of the changes in vitamin D serum concentration with the risk of developing MS.

Aim: To evaluate changes in serum concentrations of 25(OH)D, IL17, IFN-gamma, TGFβ1, IL4, IL10 in relapse and remission and their correlation with the severity of disability.

Cytokines and disability in interferon-β-1b treated and untreated women with multiple sclerosis.

Background And Aims: T-helper (Th) cells involved in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) represent a functionally heterogeneous population defined by their cytokine secretion profile. The effects of immunotherapeutic drugs on the cytokine network are still not fully clarified. This study aimed to investigate serum levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-10 in interferon-β-1b-treated and untreated women with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) in comparison with healthy controls and the relationship between cytokine concentrations and the degree of disability.

Female sex hormones and cytokine secretion in women with multiple sclerosis.

Unlabelled: Data from experimental and clinical research suggest that sex hormones may influence the autoimmune process in multiple sclerosis (MS). Studies on the hormonal profile of patients with MS and its relation to the disease activity provide heterogeneous results.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate the changes in serum levels of estradiol and progesterone and their correlations with the cytokine profile and the degree of disability in women with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS).

Adverse drug reactions after 24-month treatment with two-dosage regimens of betaferon in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Unlabelled: An open, prospective randomized trial in patients with multiple sclerosis was conducted to investigate the adverse drug reactions after a 24-month Betaferon treatment.

Aim: To assess adverse drug reactions after treatment with two-dosage regimens of Betaferon.

Patients And Methods: Fifty-five patients were included in the study.

A clinical study of multiple sclerosis patients treated with betaferon.

Unlabelled: We conducted an open prospective randomized study of 58 multiple sclerosis patients who received Betaferon in a dose of 8 MIU every other day for 2 years.

Aim: To assess the effect of Betaferon treatment depending on the number of relapses in the previous 2 years and the stage of neurological deficit at baseline.

Inclusion Criteria: clinically definite and MRI-confirmed multiple sclerosis (MS), relapsing-remitting course, at least one relapse 2 years before the study; age 18-50 years; neurological deficit scoring--between 1.