Sensitization of Visually Induced Motion Sickness by Prior Provocative Physical Motion.

Introduction: Habituation to motion has therapeutic applications for motion sickness desensitization and rehabilitation of patients with vestibular disease. Less attention has been devoted to the opposite process: sensitization.

Methods: Subjects (N = 50) were randomly allocated to four sequences: Baseline visual stimulus; then 15 min of time gap; cross-coupled motion (C-C) or a Control condition; then a time gap of 15 min or 2 h; then a retest visual stimulus.

POU2F3-expressing intraepithelial small-cell carcinoma with mixed small-cell carcinoma and conventional-type urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder.

Based on lineage-specific transcription factors, small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SmCC) of the urinary bladder has recently been subtyped into three molecular subtypes: ASCL1, NEUROD1 and POU2F3. The latter is a master transcriptional regulator of tuft cells (TCs) which are rare solitary cells found in various mucosal epithelia such as the gastrointestinal tract, but which have not been reported in the bladder. The POU2F3 subtype shows low or absent neuroendocrine marker expression.

Use of perioperative telotristat in a patient with carcinoid heart disease.

Summary: Carcinoid heart disease is a rare complication of carcinoid syndrome, resulting in right-sided valvular heart disease and subsequent heart failure due to long-term exposure to vasoactive substances. The management of this condition is complex, often requiring surgical intervention. Current perioperative regimens entail the use of prophylactic somatostatin analogs to prevent carcinoid crisis; however, regimens vary widely among practitioners and evidence supporting their efficacy in this clinical setting is mixed.

The context, contribution and consequences of addressing the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative exploration of executive nurses' perspectives.

Aims: To explore (1) the context in which nursing executives were working, (2) nursing's contribution to the healthcare response and (3) the impact from delivering healthcare in response to the pandemic.

Design: Retrospective, constructivist qualitative study.

Methods: Individual interviews using a semi-structured interview guide were conducted between 12 February and 29 March 2021.

Smaller Cortisol Awakening Responses Are Associated with Greater Visual Dependence in Postural Control.

There are known links between the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and systems responsible for regulating posture. Our aim was to explore directly, for the first time, whether an aspect of circadian HPA axis activity (the cortisol awakening response: CAR) was associated with greater visual dependency in postural control. For measurement of the CAR, electronically monitored saliva samples were collected by participants following morning awakening in their home environment.

Assessing the Effectiveness of Automated Emotion Recognition in Adults and Children for Clinical Investigation.

Recent success stories in automated object or face recognition, partly fuelled by deep learning artificial neural network (ANN) architectures, have led to the advancement of biometric research platforms and, to some extent, the resurrection of Artificial Intelligence (AI). In line with this general trend, inter-disciplinary approaches have been taken to automate the recognition of emotions in adults or children for the benefit of various applications, such as identification of children's emotions prior to a clinical investigation. Within this context, it turns out that automating emotion recognition is far from being straightforward, with several challenges arising for both science (e.

A Self-Compassion Group Intervention for Patients Living With Chronic Medical Illness: Treatment Development and Feasibility Study.

Background: Self-compassion is a psychological skill associated with good mental health and adjustment to illness in the second half of life, but to date, few self-compassion-based interventions have been developed specifically for use in midlife and older adult cohorts. The purpose of this study was to develop and test the feasibility of a 4-week group self-compassion-based intervention designed to improve self-report and biological markers of well-being in midlife and older adult patients living with chronic illness.

Methods: Treatment development drew on existing literature, expert input, and qualitative interview data.

Mechanism of Off-Target Interactions and Toxicity of Tamoxifen and Its Metabolites.

Tamoxifen is an estrogen modulator that acts to competitively inhibit the binding of endogenous estrogens. It is widely used for treatment of breast cancer; however, analogous with many antineoplastic agents, tamoxifen is associated with numerous adverse effects, most prominently nausea. We have identified several off-target receptors of tamoxifen and 22 of its metabolites that include histamine H1 and H3, and muscarinic M1, M4, and M5 subtypes, and dopamine D2 receptor.

Visual mismatch negativity to masked stimuli presented at very brief presentation rates.

Mismatch negativity (MMN) has been characterised as a 'pre-attentive' component of an event-related potential (ERP) that is related to discrimination and error prediction processes. The aim of the current experiment was to establish whether visual MMN could be recorded to briefly presented, backward and forward masked visual stimuli, given both below and above levels of subjective experience. Evidence of visual MMN elicitation in the absence of the ability to consciously report stimuli would provide strong evidence for the automaticity of the visual MMN mechanism.

Human T-Lymphotropic Virus type 1 infection in an Indigenous Australian population: epidemiological insights from a hospital-based cohort study.

Background: The Human T Lymphotropic Virus type 1 (HTLV-1) subtype C is endemic to central Australia where each of the major sequelae of HTLV-1 infection has been documented in the socially disadvantaged Indigenous population. Nevertheless, available epidemiological information relating to HTLV-1c infection is very limited, risk factors for transmission are unknown and no coordinated program has been implemented to reduce transmission among Indigenous Australians. Identifying risk factors for HTLV-1 infection is essential to direct strategies that could control HTLV-1 transmission.

Observed bodies generate object-based spatial codes.

Contemporary studies of spatial and social cognition frequently use human figures as stimuli. The interpretation of such studies may be complicated by spatial compatibility effects that emerge when researchers employ spatial responses, and participants spontaneously code spatial relationships about an observed body. Yet, the nature of these spatial codes - whether they are location- or object-based, and coded from the perspective of the observer or the figure - has not been determined.

Care, compassion and competence in critical care: a qualitative exploration of nurses' experience of family witnessed resuscitation.

This exploratory study was grounded in a local initiative promoting family witnessed resuscitation in the critical care units of a regional cardio-thoracic centre in the United Kingdom (UK). Research in this field has focussed on the perceived benefits, or otherwise, of family involvement, but little is known about the impact this has on critical care nurses or their practice. This study aimed to gain insights into nurses' experience of family witnessed resuscitation and identify any implications for critical care practices.

Searching for the new normal: exploring the role of language and metaphors in becoming a cancer survivor.

Purpose: This qualitative exploratory study was grounded in local patient and service user experiences and was designed to investigate how the language and metaphors of cancer influence personal and social adjustment after completion of a course of treatment.

Methods: The study employed a focus group design, in which eighteen people, recruited through regional networks and support groups, participated. Meetings elicited participants' stories and focused discussion on key words and common phrases in the cancer lexicon.

A review of the efficacy of neuromuscular electrical stimulation in critically ill patients.

Background: Muscle wasting in critical illness has been identified as a major clinical concern which can lead to persistent muscle weakness, impede recovery and limit physical function and quality of life in survivors. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) has been suggested as an alternative to active exercise in critically ill patients.

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of NMES in critically ill patients by evaluating the research literature.

Is compassion possible in a market-led NHS?

The principle of compassionate care is increasingly seen as the core element of good nursing practice. However, recent media reports have focused on the "compassion deficit". We carried out a review of national and international evidence on core professional values, which showed that caring and compassion are inherent nursing values.

Management of anaphylaxis in the ED: a clinical audit.

Anaphylaxis is one of the potentially life threatening conditions which present to the ED however there is no universal understanding or definitive diagnostic test to aid ED practitioners in its management. Evidence suggests this leads to confusion for ED staff and may compromise patient care. This paper reviews the existing evidence around the effective diagnosis, emergency treatment and long term management of anaphylaxis.

Empathic and non-empathic routes to visuospatial perspective-taking.

The present study examined whether strategy moderated the relationship between visuospatial perspective-taking and empathy. Participants (N=96) undertook both a perspective-taking task requiring speeded spatial judgements made from the perspective of an observed figure and the Empathy Quotient questionnaire, a measure of trait empathy. Perspective-taking performance was found to be related to empathy in that more empathic individuals showed facilitated performance particularly for figures sharing their own spatial orientation.

Quality assurance of nursing web sites: development and implications of the ALEU method.

This article presents a study that evaluated the physical accessibility, readability, and usability of Spanish nursing Web sites and discusses the quality assurance issues raised, which are relevant to the wider nursing community. The Internet is recognized as an important source of health information for both nurses and the general public. Although it makes health-related information universally available, the wide variation in the overall quality of health Web sites is problematic.

A review of pain management interventions in bone marrow biopsy.

Aims: This review was designed to evaluate the evidence relating to pain management interventions for patients having bone marrow biopsy.

Background: Bone marrow biopsy is an invasive procedure causing considerable pain and anxiety for adult patients, yet there are no guidelines to inform effective nursing care. Although this is an under-researched area, a range of pain interventions have been tested on this patient group, but this evidence has not been synthesised.

Using the prone position for ventilated patients with respiratory failure: a review.

Aims: this review explored the evidence relating to prone positioning in ventilated patients diagnosed with respiratory failure, including acute lung injury (ALI) or adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

Background: mortality rates for ventilated patients with ALI or ARDS are high, and there is a growing body of evidence suggesting that the position these patients are nursed in may influence clinical outcomes. However, there are no guidelines to inform nursing practice in positioning these patients.

The effect of smoking nicotine tobacco versus smoking deprivation on motion sickness.

Background: The experienced smoker maintains adequate nicotine levels by 'puff-by-puff self-control' which also avoids symptomatic nauseating effects of nicotine overdose. It is postulated that there is a varying 'dynamic threshold for nausea' into which motion sickness susceptibility provides an objective toxin-free probe. Hypotheses were that: (i) nicotine promotes motion sickness whereas deprivation protects; and (ii) pleasurable effects of nicotine protect against motion sickness whereas adverse effects of withdrawal have the opposite effect.

Nurse staffing levels revisited: a consideration of key issues in nurse staffing levels and skill mix research.

Aim: This paper revisits the published evidence relating to how nurse staffing levels impact on patient, nurse and service outcomes and considers the implications of this body of research for nurse managers in their quest to determine optimum nursing numbers.

Background: Within the context of the recognized global nursing shortage and particular local pressures within international health services, questions of appropriate nurse staffing levels and skill mix are once again becoming increasingly important. It would seem that the determination of optimum nurse staffing levels and skill mix is a central issue in relation to health service governance, service user involvement, as well as in the recruitment, retention and well-being of nursing staff across the service sectors.

Sitting and pressure ulcers 2: ensuring good posture and other preventive techniques.

This second in a two-part unit on sitting and pressure ulcer development explores posture and prevention techniques. The unit highlights points from Tissue Viability Society (2009) guidance. Part 1 examined the risk factors and potential risks of pressure ulcers in seated patients.

Sitting and pressure ulcers. 1: Risk factors, self-repositioning and other interventions.

This is the first in a two-part unit on continuous unrelieved sitting and its role in pressure ulcer development. The unit highlights points from new Tissue Viability Society (2009) guidelines. This part examines risk factors and interventions involving self-repositioning in vulnerable patients.