Recent Insights into Pregnancy and Lactation-Associated Osteoporosis (PLO).

During pregnancy and lactation, female physiology adapts to fulfill the fetal and neonatal calcium and phosphorus requirements. The physiological changes that take place during these periods do not affect maternal skeleton resistance to fracture in most of the cases. However, there is a small percentage of women that do experience fragility fractures during these times of life.

A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of IDegLira Versus Basal-Bolus in Patients With Poorly Controlled Type 2 Diabetes and Very High HbA1c ≥9-15%: DUAL HIGH Trial.

Objective: In participants with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and HbA1c >9.0-10.0%, guidelines recommend treatment with basal-bolus insulin.

Severe Bone Microarchitecture Impairment in Women With Pregnancy and Lactation-Associated Osteoporosis.

Context: Pregnancy- and lactation-associated osteoporosis (PLO) is a rare condition characterized by fragility fractures, mostly vertebral, during the third trimester of pregnancy or the early postpartum period.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate bone microarchitecture in women with PLO to better understand the pathophysiology of this disease.

Methods: In this retrospective study, we included women with PLO referred to our bone center between November 2007 and July 2012.

Glycemic Monitoring and Management in Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease.

Glucose and insulin metabolism in patients with diabetes are profoundly altered by advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD). Risk of hypoglycemia is increased by failure of kidney gluconeogenesis, impaired insulin clearance by the kidney, defective insulin degradation due to uremia, increased erythrocyte glucose uptake during hemodialysis, impaired counterregulatory hormone responses (cortisol, growth hormone), nutritional deprivation, and variability of exposure to oral antihyperglycemic agents and exogenous insulin. Patients with end-stage kidney disease frequently experience wide glycemic excursions, with common occurrences of both hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia.