The leading causes of death in the US and Mexico's pediatric population are related to violence: a note on secondary analyses of registered deaths from 2000 to 2022.

Introduction: our objective was to analyze the trends in the leading causes of death among the pediatric population aged 1-19 years in Mexico and the United States (US) from 2000 to 2022. Methods. Data for Mexico were sourced from the National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI), while the US data were extracted from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (CDC-WONDER) databases.

Trajectory of the body mass index of children and adolescents attending a reference mental health center.

Objectives: The primary objective was to describe the standardized body mass index (z-BMI) trajectory of children and adolescents admitted to a psychiatric reference center in Mexico City according to their diagnosis and medication use. The secondary objective was to compare z-BMI between antipsychotic users and non-users.

Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study.

Vulnerability in women primary caregivers of children in palliative care due to intimate partner violence in a pediatric hospital in Mexico.

Background: Women are the primary caregivers of children in palliative care. Research has shown that the presence of intimate partner violence at home exacerbates the vulnerability of the caregiver. Current statistics indicate a high prevalence of violence in Mexico present in the intersectionality between intimate partner violence and the role of the primary caregiver.

Characteristics and outcomes of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: A multicenter, retrospective, observational cohort study in Mexico.

Introduction: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (MIS-C), a novel hyperinflammatory condition secondary to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, is associated with severe outcomes such as coronary artery aneurysm and death.

Methods: This multicenter, retrospective, observational cohort study including eight centers in Mexico, aimed to describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with MIS-C. Patient data were evaluated using latent class analysis (LCA) to categorize patients into three phenotypes: toxic shock syndrome-like (TSSL)-MIS-C, Kawasaki disease-like (KDL)-MIS-C, and nonspecific MIS-C (NS-MIS-C).

Characteristics and Outcomes of Cases of Children and Adolescents With Pediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome in a Tertiary Care Center in Mexico City.

Background: Pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome (PIMS) is a complication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in children that resembles Kawasaki syndrome and places them at high risk of cardiorespiratory instability and/or cardiac damage. This study aims to describe the clinical presentation and outcomes of patients with PIMS in Mexico City.

Methods: This was an observational study of children hospitalized for PIMS based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention case definition criteria, in a single tertiary care pediatric center in Mexico City between May 1, 2020, and September 30, 2021.

Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Transgender Knowledge, Attitudes, and Beliefs (T-KAB) Scale for the Mexican Population.

Transphobia is a result of the widespread lack of knowledge among the general population, together with prejudice based on irrational fear and hatred, of those who do not fit the dominant, socially established gender categories. Little is known about transgender-related knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs among the Mexican population, due to the lack of reliable, valid Spanish-language instruments. This study presents a Spanish translation of the Transgender Knowledge, Attitudes, and Beliefs (T-KAB) Scale and examines its psychometric properties for the Mexican population.

Covid-19 Incidence and Mortality by Age Strata and Comorbidities in Mexico City: A Focus in the Pediatric Population.

SARS-COV2 appears less frequently and less severely in the pediatric population than in the older age groups. There is a need to precisely estimate the specific risks for each age group to design health and education policies suitable for each population. This study aimed to describe the risk of death in SARS-COV2 infected subjects by age group and according to the presence of comorbidities.

SARS-CoV-2 infection in a pediatric patient with cystic fibrosis.

Background: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a potentially mortal disease characterized by a chronic pulmonary disease with persistent airway infection. Children with this disease are more susceptible to respiratory infections due to the limitation in mucociliary transport and anatomical disruption of the bronchial tree. SARS-CoV-2 causes COVID-19, a respiratory illness related to exacerbations of chronic pulmonary pathologies in children, such as CF and asthma.

Diabetes and obesity during pregnancy are associated with oxidative stress genotoxicity in newborns.

Objective To compare the level of oxidative deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage (genotoxicity) between the offspring of mothers with and without diabetes diagnosed during pregnancy and its association with maternal body mass index (BMI). Methods We measured 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG), a marker of DNA oxidative damage, in venous umbilical cord plasma from newborns of mothers with (n=34) and without (n=56) diabetes diagnoses obtained during pregnancy. Two markers of oxidative stress - namely, nitric oxide degradation products (NOx) and total glutathione (GSH) - were quantified in both mothers and newborns.

[Medical management of transgender children and adolescents].

Transgender or gender nonconforming (GN) persons identify themselves with a gender which is different from that correspondent to their birth sex. The demand for health services by families with transgender children or adolescents tends to increase. The prevalence of GN in children is unknown; however, it has been estimated to be > 1% in adolescents.

Self-perception and knowledge of evidence based medicine by physicians.

Background: The influence, legitimacy and application of Evidence Based Medicine (EBM) in the world is growing as a tool that integrates, the best available evidence to decision making in patient care. Our goal was to identify the relationship between self-perception about the relevance of Evidence Based Medicine (EBM) and the degree of basic knowledge of this discipline in a group of physicians.

Methods: A survey was carried out in a third level public hospital in Mexico City.

Bicarbonate Values for Healthy Residents Living in Cities Above 1500 Meters of Altitude: A Theoretical Model and Systematic Review.

Ramirez-Sandoval, Juan C., Maria F. Castilla-Peón, José Gotés-Palazuelos, Juan C.

[Congenital hypothyroidism].

Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is a cause of preventable mental retardation; therefore, timely diagnosis and treatment by the primary care physician is very important. CH screening must be performed between the second and fifth days of life with capillary blood done with a heel prick and must be confirmed by measurement of thyroid hormones in venous blood. The most common cause of CH is thyroid dysgenesis, which may be identified by a thyroid scan carried out before initiating treatment.

[Clinical research design and causality: does oral rotavirus vaccine cause intussusception?].

Design of clinical research whose purpose is to answer questions about causality can be classified in relation to four axes: the number of study groups, the implementation of an experimental maneuver, cause-effect directionality and source from which the data are collected. The basic designs used in epidemiology are the clinical trial, the cohort study, the case-control study and the cross-sectional survey. This text aims to facilitate the identification and understanding of each of these designs through examples related to the association between rotavirus vaccination and intussusception.