Hypogonadism and bone health in men with HIV.

The advent of new classes of antiretroviral drugs has improved the survival of people with HIV, and several ageing-related conditions, including hypogonadism and osteoporosis, have emerged. However, both are silent conditions, and are underestimated, underdiagnosed, and not adequately treated. Several factors, including the effects of the virus, antiretroviral therapy, lifestyle factors, and comorbidities, contribute to testicular dysfunction, which in turn has important effects on bone health.

Plasma HIV load and proviral DNA decreases after two standard antiretroviral regimens in HIV-positive patients naïve to antiretrovirals.

(i) To compare early decrease of HIV plasma viral load (pVL) after two standard combinations of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). (ii) To evaluate variations of proviral HIV-DNA load on conditions of sustained pVL undetectability. Two different sub-studies of a multicentre prospective randomized controlled trial which compared two first-line HAART (i.