Characterization of the Masquelet Induced Membrane Technique in a Murine Segmental Bone Defect Model.

 To reproduce in an animal model the surgical technique of Masquelet used in the treatment of critical bone defects and to analyze the characteristics of the membrane formed around the bone cement.  A 10mm critical defect was created in the femoral shaft of 21 Sprague-Dawley rats. After resection of the central portion of the diaphysis, the defect was stabilized with a Kirschner wire introduced through the medullary canal and with the interposition of a bone cement spacer.

High-grade Pleomorphic Sarcoma Associated with Metallosis in a Patient with Total Hip Arthroplasty.

Although the relationship between hip arthroplasty and the development of sarcoma was first described in the literature about forty years ago, this association is extremely rare. In the present case report, we describe the association between orthopedic implants and soft tissue sarcoma in a 79-year-old man who underwent primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) for coxarthrosis 24 years ago. In the present case report, we describe the clinical evolution and the radiographic and histopathological findings of the lesion.

Epidemiology of Dupuytren disease and Patients Undergoing Selective Fasciectomy.

 To describe the epidemiological and clinical profile of patients with Dupuytren disease treated by selective fasciectomy and the factors associated with the severity of the disease.  Retrospective descriptive observational study involving 247 patients with Dupuytren disease, from 2013 to 2019. Multivariate logistic regression was performed for data analysis.

Predictive Factors for Blood Transfusion after Total Knee Arthroplasty.

 The present paper aims to (1) verify the incidence and volume of blood transfusion among patients undergoing unilateral cemented total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in a single Brazilian reference center; (2) identify pre and perioperative variables to determine subjects with higher risk (i.e., predictive factors) for blood transfusion within 48 hours following surgery; (3) estimate the risk of blood transfusion during the first 48 hours after the procedure.

Machine learning-based CT radiomics features for the prediction of pulmonary metastasis in osteosarcoma.

Objective: This study aims to build machine learning-based CT radiomic features to predict patients developing metastasis after osteosarcoma diagnosis.

Methods And Materials: This retrospective study has included 81 patients with a histopathological diagnosis of osteosarcoma. The entire dataset was divided randomly into training (60%) and test sets (40%).

PTH improves devitalized allogenic bone graft healing in a murine femoral critical size defect.

The treatment of large segmental defects of long bones resulting from trauma, infection, or bone tumor resections is a major challenge for orthopedic surgeons. The reconstruction of bone defects with acellular allografts can be used as an osteoconductive approach. However, devitalized allografts are associated with high rates of clinical failure as a result of poor intrinsic osteoinduction properties and a lack of further remodeling.

Impact of the Strategies Adopted to Face the COVID-19 Pandemic in a Brazilian Reference Institute for High Complexity Surgery in Orthopedics and Traumatology.

COVID-19 pandemics required substantial reorganization and adaptation of healthcare services all over the world. This study aims to analyze the effect of operational strategies implemented in Brazil to manage the extra strain placed on healthcare services by the COVID-19 pandemic of 2020. In particular, this investigation examines the strategy to convert an institute specialized in elective orthopedic procedures of high complexity into a trauma unit for all musculoskeletal trauma patients of an entire federative unit.

Osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma: Clinical aspects, biomarker discovery and liquid biopsy.

Bone sarcomas, although rare, are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The most frequent primary bone cancers include osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma. The treatment approaches are heterogeneous and mainly chosen based on precise tumour staging.

Open Fracture of the Femoral Neck in an Adult: Case Report and Surgical Solution.

Intracapsular proximal femoral fracture is a frequent injury in elderly patients, often associated with low-energy trauma and reduced bone mass. In young patient, it is uncommon, usually caused by high-energy trauma and accompanied by damage to the adjacent soft tissues. However, reports of open intracapsular proximal femoral fracture due to indirect trauma are rare in the orthopedic literature.

Evaluation of the Radiographic Parameters of Sagittal and Spinopelvic Alignment in Patients with Osteoarthritis submitted to Total Hip Arthroplasty.

 To evaluate radiographic parameters of sagittal and spinopelvic alignment in patients with hip osteoarthritis (OA) undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) to define the primary surgical approach in individuals with concomitant spinal and hip joint disease.  Longitudinal, prospective, comparative study with 27 patients undergoing THA and 43 subjects without OA.  An association between hip and spine degenerative disease in patients with OA was noted.

An association between successful engraftment of osteosarcoma patient-derived xenografts and clinicopathological findings.

Although osteosarcoma is a rare disease, with a global incidence rate estimated at 5.0/million/year, it is the most frequent primary bone sarcoma in children and adolescents. In translational research, the patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model is considered an authentic in vivo model for several types of cancer, as tumorgrafts faithfully retain the biological characteristics of the primary tumors.

Factors Influencing the Outcome of Osteosynthesis in the Fracture of the Femoral Neck in Young Adult Patients.

 To evaluate the factors that influence the outcome of osteosynthesis after closed reduction of the fracture of the femoral neck in young adult patients.  A retrospective study was conducted, reviewing the data of patients operated in a large orthopedic hospital from 2003 to 2011; a total of 81 patients met the inclusion criteria. The time interval between the fracture and the surgery, the initial fracture deviation, the quality of the reduction, and the placement of the implant were evaluated.

Bone morphogenetic protein-2 promotes osteosarcoma growth by promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

The correlation between BMP-2 and osteosarcoma growth has gained increased interest in the recent years, however, there is still no consensus. In this study, we tested the effects of BMP-2 on osteosarcoma cells through both in vitro and in vivo experiments. The effect of BMP-2 on the proliferation, migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells was tested in vitro.

Fc receptor-like 3 (-169T>C) polymorphism increases the risk of tendinopathy in volleyball athletes: a case control study.

Background: Tendinopathy pathogenesis is associated with inflammation. Regulatory T (Treg) cells contribute to early tissue repair through an anti-inflammatory action, with the forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) transcription factor being essential for Treg function, and the FC-receptor-like 3 (FCRL3) possibly negatively regulating Treg function. FCRL3 -169T>C and FOXP3 -2383C>T polymorphisms are located near elements that regulate respective genes expression, thus it was deemed relevant to evaluate these polymorphisms as risk factors for tendinopathy development in athletes.

PATIENT-DERIVED XENOGRAFTS AS A PRECLINICAL MODEL FOR BONE SARCOMAS.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to reproduce a mouse model of bone sarcomas for use in cancer research.

Methods: A fresh sample of the tumor tissue was implanted subcutaneously into nude mice. When the patient-derived xenograft (PDX) reached a volume of 1500 mm, it was harvested for re-implantation into additional mice.

The obturator oblique and iliac oblique/outlet views predict most accurately the adequate position of an anterior column acetabular screw.

Objective: Percutaneous fixation of the acetabulum is a treatment option for select acetabular fractures. Intra-operative fluoroscopy is required, and despite various described imaging strategies, it is debatable as to which combination of fluoroscopic views provides the most accurate and reliable assessment of screw position.

Materials And Methods: Using five synthetic pelvic models, an experimental setup was created in which the anterior acetabular columns were instrumented with screws in five distinct trajectories.

Increased extracellular matrix deposition during chondrogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells from individuals with neurofibromatosis type 1: an in vitro 2D and 3D study.

Background: Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) presents a wide range of clinical manifestations, including bone alterations. Studies that seek to understand cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying NF1 orthopedic problems are of great importance to better understand the pathogenesis and the development of new therapies. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are being used as an in vitro model for several diseases and appear as a suitable model for NF1.

Ectopic forms of schistosomiasis mansoni in the second macroregion of Alagoas: case series report and review of the literature.

Introduction: Ectopic forms of schistosomiasis are those in which the parasitic element is localized outside the portal system, the natural habitat of the helminth. Although the prevalence rates of schistosomiasis are high in Brazil, clinical and epidemiological data on ectopic forms of the disease are still scarce.

Methods: Cross-sectional, retrospective and descriptive epidemiological study in which cases with a confirmed histopathological diagnosis of an ectopic form of schistosomiasis were analyzed.

Vertical femoral neck fractures in young adults: a closed fixation strategy using a transverse cancellous lag screw.

Vertical femoral neck fractures (Pauwels type III classification) in young adults generally occur as a consequence of high-energy trauma and are frequently seen in association with multiple injuries. Considering the controversies regarding the optimal fixation for this fracture, our aim was to evaluate the clinical outcome of a closed fixation strategy for vertical femoral neck fractures in young adults using two parallel and one transverse cancellous lag screws. This was a single-surgeon, prospective study including 20 young adults with average age of 38.

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 Polymorphisms Have Protective Effect against the Development of Tendinopathy in Volleyball Athletes.

The aim of the study was to investigate whether genetic variants in VEGF and KDR genes can be correlated with susceptibility of tendinopathy in volleyball athletes. This study was conducted at the Brazilian Volleyball Federation, and comprised 179 volleyball athletes: 88 had a confirmed diagnosis of tendinopathy (cases), whereas 91 had no evidence of the disease (controls). The VEGF (-2578C>A, -460T>C and +936C>T) and KDR (-604C>T, 1192G>A and 1719T>A) polymorphisms were determined by TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Mesenchymal stromal cells from bone marrow treated with bovine tendon extract acquire the phenotype of mature tenocytes.

Objective: This study evaluated in vitro differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells isolated from bone marrow, in tenocytes after treatment with bovine tendon extract.

Methods: Bovine tendons were used for preparation of the extract and were stored at -80 °C. Mesenchymal stromal cells from the bone marrow of three donors were used for cytotoxicity tests by means of MTT and cell differentiation by means of qPCR.

The history and histology of bone morphogenetic protein.

Bone morphogenetic proteins are a group of structurally related proteins within the TGF-β superfamily of proteins with a diverse repertoire of functions in embryonic and adult organisms. As is apparent from the name, the members first characterized participate in bone growth, development, and remodeling. The "morphogenic" activity per se is defined as the induction of a recapitulation of endochondral bone formation by appropriate stem cells.

Synovial fluid and synovial membrane mesenchymal stem cells: latest discoveries and therapeutic perspectives.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the ability to differentiate into osteoblasts, chondroblasts, adipocytes, and even myoblasts. Most studies have focused on finding MSCs in different parts of the body for medical treatment. Every joint structure, including bone, joint fat, articular cartilage, and synovium, potentially contains resident MSCs.

Approaches to preserve human osteochondral allografts.

Osteochondral defects may progress to osteoarthritis. Many attempts have been developed to overcome this issue, including osteochondral autografts and allografts. The goal of this study was to develop a new protocol for storage of human osteochondral allografts.