Relevant domains and outcome measurement instruments in neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic literature review.

Objectives: Although neuropsychiatric involvement in SLE (NPSLE) is one of the most complex and troubling manifestations of the disease, validated outcome instruments to be used as sensitive endpoints in controlled clinical trials are lacking. We performed a systematic literature review (SLR) to identify outcome measurement instruments and domains used to assess NPSLE.

Methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines were used.

One year in review 2020: novelties in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) management is driven by evidence, and new 2019 EULAR recommendations help in refining the relevant place of different disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) in treatment schedules. At present, new drugs are in phase of development, mainly Janus Kinase inhibitors (JAKis), however, specific treatment strategies seem to count more than individual DMARDs in terms of treatment responses, given the substantial lack of head-to-head comparisons between specific biological (b) and targeted synthetic (ts)DMARDs, and with the general perception of a similar efficacy profile across drugs. In this setting, when reliable biomarkers able to predict treatment responses are lacking, treatment decisions are mainly driven by specific clinical or individual factors, given the recognised role of comorbidities, treatment-specific side effects, patients’ preferences, and costs on drug choice.