Klebsiella pneumoniae peptide hijacks a Streptococcus pneumoniae permease to subvert pneumococcal growth and colonization.

Treatment of pneumococcal infections is limited by antibiotic resistance and exacerbation of disease by bacterial lysis releasing pneumolysin toxin and other inflammatory factors. We identified a previously uncharacterized peptide in the Klebsiella pneumoniae secretome, which enters Streptococcus pneumoniae via its AmiA-AliA/AliB permease. Subsequent downregulation of genes for amino acid biosynthesis and peptide uptake was associated with reduction of pneumococcal growth in defined medium and human cerebrospinal fluid, irregular cell shape, decreased chain length and decreased genetic transformation.

Microshear Bond Strength of Adhesive Systems on Eroded Primary Enamel and Dentin.

Erosive tooth wear often leads to surface loss requiring restoration of primary teeth with adhesive materials. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the microshear bond strength (μSBS) of different adhesive systems to sound and eroded primary enamel and dentin surfaces. Half of the samples underwent erosion (immersion in Coca-Cola for one minute five times over five days) and abrasion cycles (brushing with an electric toothbrush, fluoride toothpaste slurry, for one minute at 250 g load).

Preheated composite resin used as a luting agent for indirect restorations: effects on bond strength and resin-dentin interfaces.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of preheating composite resins used as luting agents for indirect restorations on microtensile bond strength (µTBS) and adhesive interfaces.

Material And Methods: Fifty sound extracted third molars were used. Ten experimental groups were formed with three different luting agents: one resin cement (RelyX ARC) and two composite resins (Venus and Z250 XT).

Effect of erosive challenges on deciduous teeth undergoing restorative procedures with different adhesive protocols - an in vitro study.

To evaluate the effect of erosive challenges on the tooth- restoration interface of deciduous teeth treated with different adhesive protocols. Deciduous molars were cut mesiodistally, then embedded, abraded and polished (n=80). Samples were randomly divided according to the adhesive system used into: G1 (Adper Single Bond2®, etch-and-rinse), G2 (Universal Single Bond®, self-etching), G3 (OptibondFL®, etch-and-rinse with Fluoride) and G4 (BondForce®, self-etching with Fluoride).

Direct anterior composite veneers in vital and non-vital teeth: a retrospective clinical evaluation.

Objectives: This retrospective, longitudinal clinical study investigated the performance of direct veneers using different composites (microfilled×universal) in vital or non-vital anterior teeth.

Methods: Records from 86 patients were retrieved from a Dental School clinic, comprising 196 direct veneers to be evaluated. The FDI criteria were used to assess the clinical evaluation.

Direct or indirect composite veneers in anterior teeth: which method causes higher tooth mass loss? An in vitro study.

There is little information in the literature regarding the relationship between preparations made for direct and indirect veneers and the loss of tooth structure required for each technique. This in vitro study sought to quantify the different mass losses from preparation techniques used for direct and indirect veneers. Thirty artificial teeth were weighted using a digital balance and placed in a dental manikin in the position corresponding to the right maxillary central incisor.

Microtensile bond strength of etch-and-rinse and self-etch adhesives to artificially created carious dentin.

This article evaluates a pH-cycling model for simulation of caries-affected and caries-infected dentin (CAD and CID, respectively) surfaces, by comparing the bond strength of an etch-and-rinse and a self-etch adhesive system. For both adhesives, bonding to sound dentin (SD) showed that the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) values of SD, CAD, and CID were SD > CAD > CID (P < 0.05).

Influence of laboratory degradation methods and bonding application parameters on microTBS of self-etch adhesives to dentin.

Purpose: To evaluate the laboratory resistance to degradation and the use of different bonding treatments on resin-dentin bonds formed with three self-etching adhesive systems.

Methods: Flat, mid-coronal dentin surfaces from extracted human molars were bonded according to manufacturer's directions and submitted to two challenging regimens: (A) chemical degradation with 10% NaOC1 immersion for 5 hours; and (B) fatigue loading at 90 N using 50,000 cycles at 3.0 Hz.

Influence of different surface conditioning protocols on microtensile bond strength of self-adhesive resin cements to dentin.

Statement Of Problem: According to manufacturers, bonding with self-adhesive resin cements can be achieved without any pretreatment steps such as etching, priming, or bonding. However, the benefit of saving time with these simplified luting systems may be realized at the expense of compromising the bonding capacity.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess whether different dentin conditioning protocols influence the bond performance of self-adhesive resin cements to dentin.

Adjunctive use of an anti-oxidant agent to improve resistance of hybrid layers to degradation.

Objective: To determine the role of an anti-oxidant agent (ascorbic acid-AA) on resin-dentin bonds resistance to degradation of two adhesives.

Methods: Flat dentin surfaces from 48 human molars were bonded as per manufacturer's instructions with: a two-step etch-and-rinse self-priming adhesive (Single Bond-SB) and a two-step self-etch adhesive (Clearfil SE Bond-CSE). Half of the specimens were bonded with the same adhesives, but after the addition of 10% AA into their formulation.

Effect of double layering and prolonged application time on MTBS of water/ethanol-based self-etch adhesives to dentin.

One way of possibly improving bond strength is by changing the application mode of self-etch adhesives. The current study evaluated the resin-dentin microtensile bond strength (MTBS) promoted by two- and one-step self-etching adhesives after different bonding application procedures. Flat dentin surfaces from extracted human molars were bonded: 1) according to the manufacturers' instructions, 2) duplicating the number of adhesive coats and 3) doubling the application time of the acidic primers.

One-step self-etching adhesive polymerization: influence of a self-curing activator.

Objectives: The objectives of this work were to study the spatially resolved extent of photopolymerization and the final volumetric contraction of the self-etching adhesive Xeno IV (Dentsply/Caulk, Milford, DE, USA) in association with the self-curing agent Aurora (Dentsply/Caulk, Milford, DE, USA), using (1)H Stray-Field magnetic resonance imaging ((1)H STRAFI-MRI).

Methods: One-dimensional (1)H STRAFI-MRI images (projections along an axis, profiles) were acquired from the adhesive with and without Aurora, before and after solvent removal. Specimens were observed after the irradiation period recommended by the manufacturers and new profiles were recorded.

Effect of long-term water storage on etch-and-rinse and self-etching resin-dentin bond strengths.

This study sought to evaluate the long-term bond strength of etch-and-rinse and self-etch adhesive systems to dentin after one year of water storage. Crown fragments from the buccal surface of extracted bovine incisors were ground flat to expose dentin surfaces. Four etch-and-rinse and two self-etch bonding agents were used according to manufacturers' instructions.

Dentin treatment with MMPs inhibitors does not alter bond strengths to caries-affected dentin.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate if the use of protease inhibitors (EDTA and chlorhexidine) may influence microtensile bond strength (MTBS) of an etch-and-rinse adhesive system to caries-affected human dentin.

Methods: Flat middle coronal dentin surfaces with a central region of caries-affected dentin surrounded by sound dentin were bonded with Adper Scotchbond 1 after: (1) etching with 35% H3PO4; (2) etching with 0.1M EDTA and (3) 35% H3PO4-etching followed by 5% chlorhexidine application.

Effect of two axial wall height preparations on the retentive properties of full crowns using three different cements.

This study evaluated how different tooth preparation heights and luting cements affected the retention of metallic full crowns. Tooth preparations were made on 60 extracted maxillary premolars with occluso-cervical heights of 4.0 or 5.

The effect of in-office in combination with intracoronal bleaching on enamel and dentin bond strength and dentin morphology.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro effects of the combination of in-office and intracoronal bleaching on enamel and dentin bond strength and on dentin morphology.

Methods And Materials: Bleaching treatment was performed on 128 bovine teeth for three weeks. Intracoronal bleaching was performed in groups G1 to G3, and in the other groups a combination of in-office and intracoronal bleaching was performed.

Influence of dentin acid-etching and NaOCl-treatment on bond strengths of self-etch adhesives.

Purpose: To determine the microtensile bond strength (microTBS) of one- and two-step self-etch adhesives bonded to sound dentin conditioned or not with phosphoric acid (H3PO4) and sodium hypochlorite (H3PO4 + NaOCl).

Methods: Extracted human third molars had their crowns transversally sectioned to expose flat dentin surfaces that were divided into four groups, and bonded as follow: (1) according to the manufacturers' directions, (2) acid etched with 36% H3PO4, and (3) 10% NaOCl treated for 2 minutes, after H3PO4 etching. Two two-step self-etching primers (Clearfil SE Bond/SEB and Resulcin/RE), and two one-step adhesives (One-Up Bond F/OUB and Etch & Prime 3.

Resistance of ten contemporary adhesives to resin-dentine bond degradation.

Objectives: To evaluate resin-dentine bond degradation after 1 year of water storage.

Methods: Human dentine surfaces were bonded with two etch-and-rinse self-priming adhesives (Single Bond/SB and Prime & Bond NT/PBNT), three 2-step self-etching adhesives (Clearfil SE Bond/SEB, Resulcin Aqua Prime/RES and Non-Rinse Conditioner with Prime & Bond NT/NRC-PBNT), and five 1-step self-etching adhesives (Etch & Prime 3.0/EP, Prompt L-Pop/PLP, Solist/SOL, Futurabond/FUT and AQ Bond/AQ).

In vitro microTBS of one-bottle adhesive systems: sound versus artificially-created caries-affected dentin.

This in vitro study aimed to evaluate a pH-cycling model for simulation of caries-affected dentin (CAD) surfaces, by comparing the bond strength of etch-and-rinse adhesive systems on sound and artificially-created CAD. Dentin substrates with different mineral contents and morphological patterns were created by submitting buccal bovine dentin to the following treatments: (1) immersion in artificial saliva during the experimental period (sound dentin, SD), or (2) induction to a CAD condition by means of a dynamic pH-cycling model (8 cycles, demineralization for 3 h followed by mineralization for 45 h). The bond strength of Excite or Prime and Bond NT adhesive systems was assessed using the microtensile bond strength (microTBS) test.

Histomorphologic characterization and bond strength evaluation of caries-affected dentin/resin interfaces: effects of long-term water exposure.

Objectives: To evaluate the longevity of sound (SD) and caries-affected dentin (CAD) bonds made with etch-and-rinse and self-etching adhesives after a 6-month water-storage period, using bond strength and morphological evaluations.

Methods: Extracted human molars with coronal carious lesions were selected. Flat surfaces of CAD surrounded by SD were bonded with etch-and-rinse (Adper Scotchbond 1) or with self-etching (Clearfil Protect Bond and AdheSE) adhesives.

Dentin regional bond strength of self-etch and total-etch adhesive systems.

Objectives: To evaluate the microtensile bond strength (MTBS) of self-etch (with or without H(3)PO(4)-etching) and total-etch bonding systems bonded to different regions of dentin.

Methods: Long flat dentin cavity preparations extending from top-crown to root-apex within the same tooth were performed and bonded: using two-step (Clearfil SE Bond/SEB, Resulcin Aqua Prime/RES) and one-step (Etch & Prime 3.0/EP, One-Up Bond F/OUB, Prompt L-Pop/PLP, Solist/SOL and Futurabond/FUT) self-etch adhesives; these same adhesives were also applied following H(3)PO(4)-etching of dentin and finally two more groups were bonded with total-etch adhesives (Single Bond/SB and Prime & Bond NT/PBNT).

Influence of ceramic surface conditioning and resin cements on microtensile bond strength to a glass ceramic.

Statement Of Problem: It is not clear how different glass ceramic surface pretreatments influence the bonding capacity of various luting agents to these surfaces.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the microtensile bond strength (microTBS) of 3 resin cements to a lithia disilicate-based ceramic submitted to 2 surface conditioning treatments.

Material And Methods: Eighteen 5 x 6 x 8-mm ceramic (IPS Empress 2) blocks were fabricated according to manufacturer's instructions and duplicated in composite resin (Tetric Ceram).

Influence of different tests used to measure the bond strength to dentin of two adhesive systems.

Purpose: To investigate the behavior of two bonding systems: self-etching primer Clearfil Liner Bond 2V (CLB) and total-etch Single Bond (SB) when submitted to two bond strength tests: shear bond strength (SBS) and microtensile (MTBS).

Methods: Flat dentin surfaces were obtained at the facial surface of extracted bovine incisors. muTBS started with adhesive application and incremental resin composite insertion.

Effect of whitening dentifrices on the superficial roughness of esthetic restorative materials.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the surface roughness (Ra) of different esthetic restorative materials following simulated toothbrushing using different whitening dentifrices.

Materials And Methods: Cylinders of Esthet-X (Dentsply Caulk, Milford, DE, USA), Durafil VS (Heraeus Kulzer, Wehrheim, Germany), and Vitremer (3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) were made using molds (4 mm in diameter for 2 mm in height).

Multiple micronutrient supplements improve micronutrient status and anemia but not growth and morbidity of Indonesian infants: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Multiple micronutrient deficiencies are highly prevalent in Indonesia, but the interventions are still focused on single micronutrients. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of multiple micronutrient supplements for improving micronutrient status, anemia, growth, and morbidity of Indonesian infants. In this double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 284 infants aged 6-12 mo were randomly allocated to 4 treatment groups for 23 wk; 260 (92%) infants completed the study.