Second-generation antipsychotic use during pregnancy and risk of congenital malformations.

Purpose: To study if second-generation antipsychotic (S-GA) use during the first trimester of pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of major congenital malformations (MCM).

Methods: A population-based birth cohort study using national register data extracted from the Drugs and Pregnancy database in Finland, years 1996-2017. The sampling frame included 1,273,987 pregnant women.

Placental transporter-mediated drug interactions and offspring congenital anomalies.

Aims: P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) are efflux transporters expressed in the placenta, limiting their substrates from reaching the foetus. Our aim was to investigate if concomitant prenatal exposure to several substrates or inhibitors of these transporters increases the risk of congenital anomalies.

Methods: The national Drugs and Pregnancy database, years 1996-2014, was utilized in this population-based birth cohort study.

Second-generation antipsychotics and pregnancy complications.

Purpose: To study if second-generation antipsychotic (S-GA) use during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of pregnancy and neonatal complications.

Methods: A population-based birth cohort study using national register data extracted from the "Drugs and Pregnancy" database in Finland, years 1996-2016. The sampling frame included 1,181,090 pregnant women and their singleton births.

Drug-Mediated Gene Regulation of Vitamin D Metabolism in Primary Human Dermal Fibroblasts.

Vitamin D metabolism was studied in primary human dermal fibroblasts with focus on drug-mediated gene regulation related to adverse side effects of antiretroviral drugs used in HIV therapy. The fibroblasts expressed mRNA for cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes catalysing bioactivating (CYP2R1, CYP27A1 and CYP27B1) and catabolic reactions (CYP24A1). The cells produced both 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D .

Pregnancy outcome following maternal exposure to pregabalin may call for concern.

Objective: To investigate pregnancy outcomes following maternal use of pregabalin.

Methods: This multicenter, observational prospective cohort study compared pregnancy outcomes in women exposed to pregabalin with those of matched controls (not exposed to any medications known to be teratogenic or to any antiepileptic drugs). Teratology Information Services systematically collected data between 2004 and 2013.

Which drugs can be used during pregnancy?

In many cases the decisions on drug therapy during pregnancy have to be made without evidence-based information about the effectiveness and safety of the treatment. While few drugs are known with certainty to be harmful for fetal development, the evidence for evaluating harm to the fetus is insufficient for the majority of drugs. The differentiation of fetal organs takes place during the early weeks of pregnancy, whereby it is imperative that the mother's medication be revised already when planning a pregnancy.

[Poisonings and their treatment during pregnancy].

In poisonings during pregnancy, the mother should be treated as well as possible, following the general principles and regimes utilized in treatments for poisoning. Activated charcoal can be used safely. In cases where administration of antidote is justified from the mother's standpoint, it can also be given to a pregnant mother.

Risks associated with in utero and lactation exposure to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).

Background: Prenatal exposure to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) may increase risk for congenital malformations and adverse perinatal outcome.

Objective: This article reviews the published literature on exposure to SSRIs in utero and during lactation.

Methods: Literature search in PubMed.

Regulation of human vitamin D(3) 25-hydroxylases in dermal fibroblasts and prostate cancer LNCaP cells.

In this study, we examined whether 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (calcitriol), phenobarbital, and the antiretroviral drug efavirenz, drugs used by patient groups with high incidence of low bone mineral density, could affect the 25-hydroxylase activity or expression of human 25-hydroxylases in dermal fibroblasts and prostate cancer LNCaP cells. Fibroblasts express the 25-hydroxylating enzymes CYP2R1 and CYP27A1. LNCaP cells were found to express two potential vitamin D 25-hydroxylases-CYP2R1 and CYP2J2.

Phenobarbital suppresses vitamin D3 25-hydroxylase expression: a potential new mechanism for drug-induced osteomalacia.

Prolonged therapy with phenobarbital may cause vitamin D deficiency or osteomalacia. In the current study, we propose a novel mechanism for drug-induced osteomalacia involving impaired bioactivation of vitamin D(3) due to decreased 25-hydroxylation of vitamin D(3) in liver. The present data, using the pig as model, demonstrate direct effects by phenobarbital on the expression of CYP27A1 and CYP2D25, two important 25-hydroxylases.

Isolation and properties of the CYP2D25 promoter: transcriptional regulation by vitamin D3 metabolites.

Previous studies have suggested that hepatic production of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 may be suppressed by 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. However, the molecular details of these observations have not been clarified. In the current study, the 5'-flanking DNA sequence of CYP2D25, a porcine microsomal vitamin D 25-hydroxylase, was isolated and analyzed.