Relevance of Circulating microRNA, and their Association with Islet Cell Autoantibodies in Type 1 Diabetes Pathogenesis.

Aims/hypothesis: The role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the pathogenesis and progression of type 1 diabetes (T1D) has been described, but data remain scarce and conflicting.

Objectives: To evaluate the potential biological involvement of miRNA expression in the immune response and beta cell function in T1D.

Methods: We screened 10 serum miRNAs from 142 subjects divided into three groups: healthy individuals (control group; n = 52) and patients at different stages of T1D progression, from the initial immunological manifestation, presenting islet cell autoantibodies (AbP group; n = 39), to partial and severe beta cell damage in T1D (recent T1D group; n = 51).

Diabetes related phenotypes and their influence on outcomes of patients with corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with severe forms of COVID-19 but little is known about the diabetes-related phenotype considering pre-admission, on-admission and data covering the entire hospitalization period.

Methods: We analyzed COVID-19 inpatients (n = 3327) aged 61.2(48.

Progression of Type 1 Diabetes: Circulating MicroRNA Expression Profiles Changes from Preclinical to Overt Disease.

Objectives: To evaluate the potential biological involvement of miRNA expression in the immune response and beta cell function in T1D.

Methods: We screened 377 serum miRNAs of 110 subjects divided into four groups: healthy individuals (control group) and patients at different stages of T1D progression, from the initial immunological manifestation presenting islet autoantibodies (AbP group) until partial and strong beta cell damage in the recent (recent T1D group) and long-term T1D, with 2 to 5 years of disease (T1D 2-5y group).

Results: The results revealed 69 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) in relation to controls.

Skeletal muscle gene expression in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus undergoing calorie-restricted diet and recreational sports training - a randomized clinical trial.

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a 12-week calorie-restricted diet and recreational sports training on gene expressions IL-15, ATROGIN-1 and MURF-1 in skeletal muscle of T2D patients.

Methods: Older adults with T2D (n = 39, 60 ± 6.0 years, BMI 33.

Prevalence of Inflammatory Pathways Over Immuno-Tolerance in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Recent-Onset Type 1 Diabetes.

Background: Changes in innate and adaptive immunity occurring in/around pancreatic islets had been observed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of Caucasian T1D patients by some, but not all researchers. The aim of our study was to investigate whether gene expression patterns of PBMC of the highly admixed Brazilian population could add knowledge about T1D pathogenic mechanisms.

Methods: We assessed global gene expression in PBMC from two groups matched for age, sex and BMI: 20 patients with recent-onset T1D (≤ 6 months from diagnosis, in a time when the autoimmune process is still highly active), testing positive for one or more islet autoantibodies and 20 islet autoantibody-negative healthy controls.

Key factors for overcoming psychological insulin resistance: an examination of patient perspectives through content analysis.

Objective: To understand participant perceptions about insulin and identify key behaviors of healthcare professionals (HCPs) that motivated initially reluctant adults from seven countries (n=40) who had type 2 diabetes (T2D) to start insulin treatment.

Research Design And Methods: Telephone interviews were conducted with a subset of participants from an international investigation of adults with T2D who were reluctant to start insulin (EMOTION). Questions related to: (a) participants' thoughts about insulin before and after initiation; (b) reasons behind responses on the survey that were either 'not helpful at all' or 'helped a lot'; (c) actions their HCP may have taken to help start insulin treatment; and (d) advice they would give to others in a similar situation of starting insulin.

Effect of TCF7L2 polymorphism on pancreatic hormones after exenatide in type 2 diabetes.

Background: Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) stimulates insulin secretion and reduces blood glucose in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). rs7903146 polymorphism has been associated with decreased insulin secretion, reduced GLP-1 action, and possible impaired peripheral insulin sensitivity.

Objectives: To evaluate the postprandial pancreatic hormone response in patients with T2DM carriers of the variant rs7903146 (CT/TT) compared with noncarriers of this variant (CC) after treatment with the GLP-1 agonist exenatide.

correlation in both insulin secretion and postprandial insulin sensitivity.

Background: The rs7903146 variant is strongly associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the mechanisms involved in this association remain unknown and may include extrapancreatic effects. The aim of this study was to perform a metabolic characterization of T2DM patients with and without the rs7903146 risk T allele and analyze some influences of the genotype on glucose metabolism.

Improvement of Body Composition and Quality of Life Following Intragastric Balloon.

Background: The aim is to evaluate the effects of IGB in overweight or class I obese patients, by analyzing body composition and quality of life (QOL).

Methods: Prospective study including patients with BMI 27-34.9 kg/mbody composition analysis (BCA) was performed before IGB implantation and its removal, after 6 months of treatment.

Th17 pathway in recent-onset autoimmune diabetes.

Aims: Evaluate the participation of IL-17 pathway in T1D pathogenesis. T helper 17 cells are potent, highly inflammatory cells that produce interleukin 17A (IL-17A), considered a mediator of various immune disorders. However, their role in Type 1 diabetes (T1D) pathogenesis in humans is not totally elucidated.

Importance of Zinc Transporter 8 Autoantibody in the Diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes in Latin Americans.

Unlabelled: There is a scarcity of data of zinc transporter-8 autoantibody (ZnT8A) on mixed populations such as Brazilian. Therefore, we evaluated the relevance of ZnT8A for type 1 diabetes (T1D) diagnosis and the role of ZnT8 coding gene (SLC30A8) in T1D predisposition. Patients with T1D (n = 629; diabetes duration = 11 (6-16) years) and 651 controls were genotyped for SLC30A8 rs16889462 and rs2466295 variants (BeadXpress platform).

The influence of population stratification on genetic markers associated with type 1 diabetes.

Ethnic admixtures may interfere with the definition of type 1 diabetes (T1D) risk determinants. The role of HLA, PTPN22, INS-VNTR, and CTLA4 in T1D predisposition was analyzed in Brazilian T1D patients (n = 915), with 81.7% self-reporting as white and 789 controls (65.

Short and Long Term Effects of a DPP-4 Inhibitor Versus Bedtime NPH Insulin as ADD-ON Therapy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.

Background: We conducted a comparison between the dipeptidyl-peptidase-4(DPP-4) inhibitor sitagliptin versus NPH insulin as an add-on therapies in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) failing oral medications. The objective was to ascertain the better indication in long-duration diabetes.

Methods: thirty-five T2D patients inadequately controlled with metformin plus glyburide were randomized to receive sitagliptin (n=18) or bedtime NPH insulin (n=17) for 12 months.

Effects of nateglinide and rosiglitazone on pancreatic alpha- and beta-cells, GLP-1 secretion and inflammatory markers in patients with type 2 diabetes: randomized crossover clinical study.

Background: To compare the effects of nateglinide and rosiglitazone on inflammatory markers, GLP-1 levels and metabolic profile in patients with type 2 diabetes (DM2).

Methods: A prospective study was performed in 20 patients with DM2, mean age 51.82 ± 8.

The role of enteric hormone GLP-2 in the response of bone markers to a mixed meal in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a complex disease associated with several chronic complications, including bone fragility and high fracture risk due to mechanisms not yet fully understood. The influence of the gastrointestinal tract and its hormones on bone remodeling has been demonstrated in healthy individuals. Glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2), an enteric hormone secreted in response to nutrient intake, has been implicated as a mediator of nutrient effects on bone remodeling.

Left ventricular diastolic function in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor- a pilot study.

Background: Blood glucose control is fundamental albeit not enough to prevent diabetic macrovascular complications. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are effective in improving metabolic parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) but little is known about its cardiovascular effects. We compared the DPP-4 inhibitor sitagliptin with bedtime NPH insulin (NPH) as add-on therapy in patients with T2DM, aiming to ascertain which drug would have additional cardioprotective effects.

Carbohydrate beverages attenuate bone resorption markers in elite runners.

Objective: We evaluated the effects of carbohydrate (CHO) supplementation on markers of bone turnover in elite runners.

Design: Twenty-four male runners were randomly assigned to two groups--a CHO and a control (CON) group--using a double-blind design. The participants were submitted to an overload training program (days 1-8), followed by a high-intensity intermittent running protocol (10×800 m) on day 9.

CD226 rs763361 is associated with the susceptibility to type 1 diabetes and greater frequency of GAD65 autoantibody in a Brazilian cohort.

CD226 rs763361 variant increases susceptibility to type 1 diabetes (T1D) in Caucasians. There is no data about CD226 variants in the very heterogeneous Brazilian population bearing a wide degree of admixture. We investigated its association with T1D susceptibility, clinical phenotypes, and autoimmune manifestations (islet and extrapancreatic autoantibodies).

Prevalence of celiac disease among blood donors in São Paulo: the most populated city in Brazil.

Objective: Celiac disease is a permanent enteropathy caused by the ingestion of gluten, which leads to an immunemediated inflammation of the small intestine mucosa. The prevalence of celiac disease varies among different nations and ethnic backgrounds, and its diversity is determined by genetic and environmental factors. São Paulo city is one of the largest cities in the world, with a vast population and an important history of internal migratory flow from other Brazilian regions, as well as immigration from other, primarily European, countries, resulting in significant miscegenation.

Metformin, but not glimepiride, improves carotid artery diameter and blood flow in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objective: To compare the effects of glimepiride and metformin on vascular reactivity, hemostatic factors and glucose and lipid profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: A prospective study was performed in 16 uncontrolled patients with diabetes previously treated with dietary intervention. The participants were randomized into metformin or glimepiride therapy groups.

Carbohydrate supplementation increases intramyocellular lipid stores in elite runners.

The objective was to determine the effects of carbohydrate (CHO) supplementation on exercise-induced hormone responses and post-training intramyocellular lipid stores (IMCL). Twenty-four elite male athletes (28.0±1.

Carbohydrate supplementation delays DNA damage in elite runners during intensive microcycle training.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of carbohydrate supplementation on free plasma DNA and conventional markers of training and tissue damage in long-distance runners undergoing an overload training program. Twenty-four male runners were randomly assigned to two groups (CHO group and control group). The participants were submitted to an overload training program (days 1-8), followed by a high-intensity intermittent running protocol (10 × 800 m) on day 9.

Creatine supplementation does not impair kidney function in type 2 diabetic patients: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial.

Creatine supplementation may have a therapeutic role in diabetes, but it is uncertain whether this supplement is safe for kidney function. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of creatine supplementation on kidney function in type 2 diabetic patients. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was performed.

Creatine in type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Unlabelled: Creatine supplementation improves glucose tolerance in healthy subjects.

Purposes: The aim was to investigate whether creatine supplementation has a beneficial effect on glycemic control of type 2 diabetic patients undergoing exercise training.

Methods: A 12-wk randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was performed.