Effect of phage vB_EcoM_FJ1 on the reduction of ETEC O9:H9 infection in a neonatal pig cell line.

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) colonizes the intestine of young pigs causing severe diarrhoea and consequently bringing high production costs. The rise of antibiotic selective pressure together with ongoing limitations on their use, demands new strategies to tackle this pathology. The pertinence of using bacteriophages as an alternative is being explored, and in this work, the efficacy of phage vB_EcoM_FJ1 (FJ1) in reducing the load of ETEC EC43-Ph (serotype O9:H9 expressing the enterotoxin STa and two adhesins F5 and F41) was assessed.

Simulated vaginal fluid: Candida resistant strains' biofilm characterization and vapor phase of essential oil effect.

Introduction: Vulvovaginal candidiasis is a disease that affects millions of women worldwide. Oral formulations, topical creams or ointments are the conventional dosage forms, with an increase in drug administration through vaginal via. The use of simulated biological fluids (e.

Candida auris, a singular emergent pathogenic yeast: its resistance and new therapeutic alternatives.

Nowadays, fungal infections affect millions of people across the world. Candida auris, a new emergent yeast, is a worrisome pathogen because it associates with a high rate of incidence and prevalence, including in the nosocomial environment. The hard identification, the phenotypic plasticity, and the easy adaptation to stressful conditions are some of the C.

Vapor-Phase of Essential Oils as a Promising Solution to Prevent Vaginal Biofilms Caused by Antifungal Resistant Strains.

Background: Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a disease with high incidence, a huge impact on the quality of life and health of women, and which represents a great challenge to treat. The growing need to apply antifungal intensive therapies have contributed to an emergence of drug-resistant strains. Thus, effective therapeutic options, to meet the antifungal-resistance challenge and to control high resilient biofilms, are urgently needed.

Antisense locked nucleic acid gapmers to control Candida albicans filamentation.

Whereas locked nucleic acid (LNA) has been extensively used to control gene expression, it has never been exploited to control Candida virulence genes. Thus, the main goal of this work was to compare the efficacy of five different LNA-based antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) with respect to the ability to control EFG1 gene expression, to modulate filamentation and to reduce C. albicans virulence.

Portuguese honeys as antimicrobial agents against species.

Background And Aim: Honey has been recognized worldwide for its antioxidant, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. Among them, the antifungal properties associated to honey make it an attractive alternative treatment for -associated infections, particularly for topical application to the mucous membranes and skin. In this sense, the main purpose of this work was to evaluate physicochemical properties of five Portuguese honeys and Manuka honey (an Australian honey with well recognized medical proprieties, used as control) and to evaluate the antifungal activity in species planktonic and biofilm assays.

L. and L. Decoctions: Antimicrobial Activity, Mode of Action and Phenolic Characterization.

Medicinal and aromatic plants are known to have a wide range of uses and health benefits, and should be exploited for their bioactivity. Here we evaluated the antimicrobial activity of decoctions of L. and L.

Honey as a Strategy to Fight in Mixed-Biofilms with .

Fungal contaminations with species are commonly responsible for several infections, especially when associated to bacteria. The therapeutic approach commonly used is being compromised due to microbial resistances of these microorganisms to antimicrobial agents, especially in biofilm. The use of honey as an antimicrobial agent has been emerging as a valuable solution and proving its potential in planktonic and in biofilm cells.

spp./Bacteria Mixed Biofilms.

The ability to form biofilms is a common feature of microorganisms, such as bacteria or fungi. These consortiums can colonize a variety of surfaces, such as host tissues, dentures, and catheters, resulting in infections highly resistant to drugs, when compared with their planktonic counterparts. This refractory effect is particularly critical in polymicrobial biofilms involving both fungi and bacteria.

Application of 2'-OMethylRNA' Antisense Oligomer to Control Candida albicans EFG1 Virulence Determinant.

Antisense oligomers and their analogs have been successfully utilized to silence gene expression for the treatment of many human diseases; however, the control of yeast's virulence determinants has never been exploited before. In this sense, this work is based on the key hypothesis that if a pathogen's genetic sequence is a determinant of virulence, it will be possible to synthesize a nucleic acid mimic based on antisense therapy (AST) that will bind to the mRNA produced, blocking its translation into protein and, consequently, reducing the pathogen virulence phenotype. EFG1 is an important determinant of virulence that is involved in the regulation of the Candida albicans switch from yeast to filamentous form.

Phenolic Plant Extracts Versus Penicillin G: In Vitro Susceptibility of Isolated from Bovine Mastitis.

Antibiotics are the elective drugs in bovine mastitis (BM) treatment, despite their low rates of efficiency and effectiveness and increasing risk of pathogen resistance. In this sense, it is urgent to discover new and effective antimicrobial agents to apply in BM control and even treatment. Plant extracts have been widely recognized as a rich source of phytochemicals with antimicrobial potential.

Candida sp. Infections in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus.

Candidiasis has increased substantially worldwide over recent decades and is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, especially among critically ill patients. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder that predisposes individuals to fungal infections, including those related to Candida sp., due to a immunosuppressive effect on the patient.

Susceptibility of Candida glabrata biofilms to echinocandins: alterations in the matrix composition.

Candidiases are the most recurrent fungal infections, especially among immunosuppressed patients. Although Candida albicans is still the most widespread isolated species, non-Candida albicans Candida species have been increasing. The goal of this work was to determine the susceptibility of C.

Lactobacillus crispatus represses vaginolysin expression by BV associated Gardnerella vaginalis and reduces cell cytotoxicity.

Using a chemically-defined medium simulating genital tract secretions, we have shown that pre-adhering Lactobacillus crispatus to Hela epithelial cells reduced cytotoxicity caused by Gardnerella vaginalis. This effect was associated to the expression of vaginolysin and was specific to L. crispatus interference, as other vaginal facultative anaerobes had no protective effect.

Candida glabrata Biofilms: How Far Have We Come?

Infections caused by species have been increasing in the last decades and can result in local or systemic infections, with high morbidity and mortality. After , is one of the most prevalent pathogenic fungi in humans. In addition to the high antifungal drugs resistance and inability to form hyphae or secret hydrolases, retain many virulence factors that contribute to its extreme aggressiveness and result in a low therapeutic response and serious recurrent candidiasis, particularly biofilm formation ability.

Candida Species Biofilms' Antifungal Resistance.

infections (candidiasis) are the most prevalent opportunistic fungal infection on humans and, as such, a major public health problem. In recent decades, candidiasis has been associated to species other than . Moreover, biofilms have been considered the most prevalent growth form of cells and a strong causative agent of the intensification of antifungal resistance.

The Effectiveness of Voriconazole in Therapy of Candida glabrata's Biofilms Oral Infections and Its Influence on the Matrix Composition and Gene Expression.

Candida glabrata is one of most prevalent yeast in fungal infections, especially in immunocompromised patients. Its azole resistance results in a low therapeutic response, particularly when associated with biofilms. The main goal of this work was to study the effectiveness of voriconazole (Vcz) against C.

Novel strategies to fight Candida species infection.

In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the incidence of human fungal infections. The increase in cases of infection caused by Candida species, and the consequent excessive use of antimicrobials, has favored the emergence of resistance to conventional antifungal agents over the past decades. Consequently, Candida infections morbidity and mortality are also increasing.

Evaluation of solid and porous microcarriers for cell growth and production of recombinant proteins.

Microcarrier technology opened new perspectives for anchorage-dependent cell culture, by providing increased surface areas for cell adhesion and proliferation, and therefore improving both cell and product yields obtained in these cultures. The establishment of a successful microcarrier culture depends on many factors, such as the type of microcarrier, the cells, and the culture conditions. In this chapter, the basic steps required for the evaluation and optimization of a microcarrier culture for the purpose of production of recombinant proteins are described, for both solid and porous microcarriers.

Feed optimization in fed-batch culture.

Fed-batch processes are a current preference for the production of recombinant proteins in mammalian cells. The use of nutrient feeding prevents the depletion of important medium components and results in improved culture longevity and high cell and product yields. To take maximum advantage of these effects, it is important to optimize the fed-batch process for each application.

Traumatic rupture of the tibialis anterior tendon: A case report.

The autors report a case of a traumatic rupture of the tibialis anterior tendon (TTA) that was early diagnosed and treated in the emergency service. This is a rare clinical entity with few cases reported in the literature. A 66-year old female presented at the emergency service complaining about pain at the anterior aspect of her ankle and inability to walk normally, after a fall.

Glycosylation: impact, control and improvement during therapeutic protein production.

The emergence of the biopharmaceutical industry represented a major revolution for modern medicine, through the development of recombinant therapeutic proteins that brought new hope for many patients with previously untreatable diseases. There is a ever-growing demand for these therapeutics that forces a constant technological evolution to increase product yields while simultaneously reducing costs. However, the process changes made for this purpose may also affect the quality of the product, a factor that was initially overlooked but which is now a major focus of concern.

Fracturing of Revision of a Cobalt-chrome Femoral Head after Fracturing of a Ceramic Femoral Head, with Diffuse Metallosis. Case Report.

We presente a case of a fracture of a cobalt-chrome femoral head after revision of a hip total prosthesis with ceramic femoral head fracture. During surgery we found the cobalt- chrome femoral head fracture, wear of the polyethylene and massive metallosis in muscular and cartilaginous tissue. Both femoral stem and acetabular cup were stable and without apparent wearing.

Evaluation of macroporous and microporous carriers for CHO-K1 cell growth and monoclonal antibody production.

The emergence of microcarrier technology has brought a renewed interest in anchorage-dependent cell culture for high-yield processes. Well-known in vaccine production, microcarrier culture also has potential for application in other fields. In this work, two types of microcarriers were evaluated for small-scale monoclonal antibody (mAb) production by CHOK1 cells.

The impact of microcarrier culture optimization on the glycosylation profile of a monoclonal antibody.

Microcarriers are widely used for the large-scale culture of attachment-dependent cells with increased cell densities and, ultimately, higher product yield. In these processes, the specific culture conditions can affect the quality of the product, which is closely related to its glycosylation pattern. Furthermore, the lack of studies in the area reinforces the need to better understand the effects of microcarrier culture in product glycosylation.