High Cognitive Effort Prior to Velocity-Based Training Sessions Reduces Rate of Force Development but Not Maximum Strength Gains in Untrained Male Adults.

This study aimed to analyze the chronic effect of high cognitive effort immediately before resistance exercise sessions on neuromuscular performance in untrained male adults. We used a mixed experimental design, with the group as between-participants factor and time as within-participants factor. Thirty-four participants were randomly assigned to two parallel groups: high cognitive effort (n = 17) and control (n = 17).

Body image of university students: a systematic review of the characteristics of interventions.

Background: Body image is the mental representation of the body and can be influenced by cognitive, biological, behavioral, sociocultural, and environmental factors. University students often encounter challenges related to it.

Objective: This systematic review examined interventions aimed at holistically developing a positive body image within this population.

Effect of brain endurance training on maximal oxygen uptake, time-to-exhaustion, and inhibitory control in runners.

We aimed to analyze the effect of brain endurance training on maximum oxygen consumption (VO ), time-to-exhaustion, and inhibitory control in amateur trained runners. We employed a mixed experimental design, with the group as the between-participant factor and time as the within-participant factor. 45 participants attended 36 training sessions over 12 weeks.

Head-to-head opponent mitigates mental fatigue effects during a 20-km time trial in well-trained cyclists.

We aimed to analyze the effect of a head-to-head virtual race on 20-km time trial performance in well-trained mentally fatigued cyclists. A total of 24 male professional cyclists participated in the present study, which was conducted in a within-factors design [four experimental conditions × four times (throughout 20-km time trial cycling)]. An avatar representing the participant on the racecourse was visible during the time trials.

Development and Psychometric Evaluation of a Lifestyle Evaluation Instrument for Older Adults.

Brazil is experiencing an accelerated period of population aging, with important implications for individuals, families, and the society at large. Lifestyles for the elderly can have both positive and negative health effects and are characterized by behaviors that individuals constantly reproduce in day-to-day life. However, few assessment instruments are aimed at evaluating lifestyles, and this has hampered research development.

Body, eating, and exercise comparison orientation measure (BEECOM): Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties among Brazilian female university students.

The Body, Eating, and Exercise Comparison Orientation Measure (BEECOM) is an instrument that aims to quantify behaviors related to social comparison, specifically comparisons related to the body, eating and exercise, and was originally developed using a nonclinical population of American university women. The objective of this study was to perform a cross-cultural adaptation and verify the psychometric qualities of the BEECOM for young Brazilian adult women aged 18-35 years. In the present study, the cross-cultural adaptation of the instrument was performed through its translation, back-translation and evaluation by the target population.

Body Image Assessment Tools in Pregnant Women: A Systematic Review.

Pregnancy is a remarkable time and generates several changes in women in a short period. Body image is understood as the mental representation of the body itself, and, although bodily changes are considered healthy, they can impact pregnant women's body image. Problems related to body image during pregnancy can affect the health of the mother and fetus; thus, it is essential for health professionals to detect potential disorders as soon as possible.

Body Appreciation, Depressive Symptoms, and Self-Esteem in Pregnant and Postpartum Brazilian Women.

Background: During pregnancy and the postpartum period, women experience tremendous biopsychosocial changes in a short period of time. Poor body appreciation, depressive symptoms, and low self-esteem during the perinatal period may cause negative consequences for both the mother and the infant's physiological and psychological health. The aim of this study was to analyze the differences in body appreciation, depressive symptoms, and self-esteem between the three gestational trimesters and the postpartum period.

Non-invasive brain stimulation over the orbital prefrontal cortex maintains endurance performance in mentally fatigued swimmers.

Background: Using anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (a-tDCS) on frontal brain areas might be a promising strategy to mitigates mental fatigue and maintain endurance performance swimmers.

Objective: The objective was to analyze the effect of a-tDCS over the orbital prefrontal cortex (oPFC) on endurance performance of mentally fatigued female amateur swimmer.

Methods: Nineteen female amateur swimmers participated in this study.

Effect of mental fatigue on mean propulsive velocity, countermovement jump, and 100-m and 200-m dash performance in male college sprinters.

The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of mental fatigue on mean propulsive velocity (MPV), countermovement jump (CMJ), 100, and 200-m dash performance in college sprinters. A total of 16 male athletes of sprint events (100 and 200-m dash) participated in this study. Each participant underwent two baseline visits and then running under the three experimental conditions.

Playing videogames or using social media applications on smartphones causes mental fatigue and impairs decision-making performance in amateur boxers.

This study aimed to analyze the effect of playing videogames and using social media applications on smartphones on decision-making and countermovement jump (CMJ) performance in amateur boxers. Twenty one boxers were enrolled in the study and were randomly assigned to all three experimental conditions [smartphone (30SMA), videogame (30VID), and control (CON)]. CMJ was measured before and 30-min after each experimental condition.

Dissonance-based eating disorder prevention among Brazilian young women: A randomized efficacy trial of the Body Project.

A randomized controlled trial was conducted to assess the efficacy of the Body Project eating disorder prevention program in reducing eating disorder risk factors and symptoms in young Brazilian women. A total of 141 female university students aged 18-30 years old were randomly assigned to one of two conditions: assessment-only condition (n = 78) and Body Project condition (n = 63). Participants completed scales assessing body dissatisfaction, sociocultural influence, disordered eating attitudes and behaviors, eating disorders symptoms, body appreciation, depressive mood and negative affect at baseline, posttest, and at 1- and 6-month follow-ups.

Transcranial Stimulation Improves Volume and Perceived Exertion but does not Change Power.

This study aimed to analyze the acute effect of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (a-tDCS) over the primary motor cortex (M1) on the volume, perceived exertion, and neuromuscular performance measurements in trained and untrained adults. Twenty-four male adults (12 trained and 12 untrained) participated in this single-blind, randomized, and sham-controlled study. The participants performed three back squat repetitions using the 15RM load with maximal concentric velocity to assess neuromuscular performance before tDCS and 30-min after resistance exercise.

Development and Psychometric Properties of the Self-Acceptance Scales for Pregnant and Postpartum Women.

Self-acceptance, that is, a person's acceptance of their own psychological and physical attributes, is considered critical for mental wellbeing. A lack of self-acceptance may contribute to the development of psychopathology. In the peripartum period, self-acceptance has particular relevance, as major psychological and body changes are normative during this time.

Disordered eating and body change behaviours: support for the Tripartite Influence Model among Brazilian male university students.

The Tripartite Influence Model posits that sociocultural influences mediated by internalization and social comparison are predictors of disordered eating and body change behaviours. This study aimed to test the Tripartite Influence Model among Brazilian male university students, which has not been tested yet. 707 undergraduate students of the five Brazilian regions, completed measures of sociocultural influences, internalization, social comparison, body and muscularity dissatisfaction, disordered eating and body change behaviours.

Child Body Concerns and Behavior Scale: Development and Psychometric Properties of a Body Image Scale for Children.

There are few instruments with good validity and reliability for evaluating body image in children. In this study we aimed to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of a scale for Brazilian children. In Study 1, we developed 53 items on the basis of a literature review, previous body image scales and qualitative study.

Translation, Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of SATAQ-4R for Brazilian Children.

Background: The Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire (SATAQ) is one of the most investigated instruments for the evaluation of sociocultural pressure and internalization of the beauty standard, and it is considered to be one of the most robust instruments for this purpose. The most recent version of this questionnaire is the SATAQ-4R, originally designed for adults and teenagers, which has been used in different countries, contexts, and populations. The cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the SATAQ-4R for Brazilian children are appropriate and necessary.

The Breast Size Satisfaction Survey (BSSS): Breast size dissatisfaction and its antecedents and outcomes in women from 40 nations.

The Breast Size Satisfaction Survey (BSSS) was established to assess women's breast size dissatisfaction and breasted experiences from a cross-national perspective. A total of 18,541 women were recruited from 61 research sites across 40 nations and completed measures of current-ideal breast size discrepancy, as well as measures of theorised antecedents (personality, Western and local media exposure, and proxies of socioeconomic status) and outcomes (weight and appearance dissatisfaction, breast awareness, and psychological well-being). In the total dataset, 47.

A controlled trial of a dissonance-based eating disorders prevention program with Brazilian girls.

Background: Given that most young women with eating disorders do not receive treatment, implementing effective prevention programs is a public health priority. The Body Project is a group-based eating disorder prevention program with evidence of both efficacy and effectiveness. This trial evaluated the efficacy of this prevention program with Brazilian girls, as no published study has tested whether this intervention is culturally sensitive and efficacious with Latin-American adolescents.

Effects of mental fatigue on passing decision-making performance in professional soccer athletes.

The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of mental fatigue on passing decision-making in professional soccer athletes. A controlled and counterbalanced cross-over design was adopted consisting of three visits with a 1-week interval between sessions. Twenty professional soccer male athletes participated in three randomized conditions divided into three visits: control, 15-min Stroop task, and 30-min Stroop task.

Acute Effect of Drop-Set, Traditional, and Pyramidal Systems in Resistance Training on Neuromuscular Performance in Trained Adults.

Costa, BDV, Ferreira, MEC, Gantois, P, Kassiano, W, Paes, ST, de Lima-Júnior, D, Cyrino, ES, and Fortes, LS. Acute effect of drop-set, traditional, and pyramidal systems in resistance training on neuromuscular performance in trained adults. J Strength Cond Res 35(4): 991-996, 2021-The aim of this study was to analyze the acute effects of resistance training (RT) systems on lower- and upper-limb performance in trained adults.

Is the Drive for Muscularity Scale a valid and reliable instrument for young adult women?

There is a lack of psychometric studies on scales aiming to evaluate the drive for muscularity in women. This study aimed to test whether the Drive for Muscularity Scale (DMS) yielded reliable and valid scores for assessing the drive for muscularity construct in young adult women. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 242 Brazilian adult women.

BODY IMAGE IN CHILDHOOD: AN INTEGRATIVE LITERATURE REVIEW.

Objective: To analyse the scientific literature regarding the evaluation of body image in children through an integrative literature review.

Data Source: An intersection of the keywords "body image" AND "child" was conducted in Scopus, Medline and Virtual Health Library (BVS - Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde) databases. The electronic search was based on studies published from January 2013 to January 2016, in order to verify the most current investigations on the subject.

Body dissatisfaction and associated factors among Brazilian adolescents: A longitudinal study.

We conducted a longitudinal investigation of body dissatisfaction in adolescent boys and girls, in order to evaluate the influence of biological, psychological, and sociocultural predictors for body dissatisfaction, and its association with eating disorder symptoms. Validated self-administered scales were selected, thereby assessing the various aspects of body image, symptoms of eating disorders, depression, and self-esteem. Four hundred and ninety-eight adolescents (236 girls) participated in the study.

An etiological model of disordered eating behaviors among Brazilian women.

The Tripartite Influence Model posits that parents, peers and media influences mediated by internalization and appearance social comparison are predictors of body dissatisfaction, a key risk factor for eating disorders. However, the Tripartite Influence Model has not been tested in Brazil where the people are known to have high levels of body image and appearance concerns. This study aimed to test an adapted Tripartite Influence Model of body dissatisfaction and disordered eating behaviors among Brazilian women.