[Risk factors related to nosocomial pneumonia in pediatric patients undergoing heart surgery].

Background: Procalcitonin is a diagnostic marker useful to discern infections and non-infectious complications in heart surgeries. The aim is to describe risk factors related to nosocomial pneumonia and the predictive value of serum procalcitonin in pediatric patients undergoing heart surgery.

Methods: During a year a nested case-control study was carried out in a third level hospital.

[Network Research on Human Papillomavirus].

In order to increase the research in important health questions at a national and institutional levels, the Human Papillomavirus Research Network of the Health Research Coordination of the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social offers this supplement with the purpose of assisting patients that daily look for attention due to the human papillomavirus or to cervical cancer.

Type II congenital cystic pulmonary malformation in an esophageal lung.

A seven-month-old girl, born prematurely (birth weight 1000 g) from a twin pregnancy, was admitted to hospital due to recurrent pneumonia and atelectasis. She experienced cough and respiratory distress during feeding. The right hemithorax was smaller than the left, with diminished breath sounds and dullness.

Passive smoking induces leukotriene production in children: influence of asthma.

Background: Passive smoking is associated with poor asthma control in children, but the mechanism is unknown. Leukotrienes are involved in the asthma pathogenesis and their synthesis is increased in adult subjects who actively smoke.

Objective: To evaluate whether passive smoking, as assessed by urinary cotinine levels, increases leukotriene production in children with or without asthma.

Diagnoses unveiled by early bronchoscopy in children with leukemia and pulmonary infiltrates.

Pulmonary complications in children with leukemia often display nonspecific clinical and radiologic manifestations that lead to a delay in diagnosis. The role of fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) and the proper time for its performance are controversial. The aim of our study was to evaluate the frequency and nature of specific diagnoses revealed by FOB.