Cystic and pseudocystic pulmonary malformations in children: Clinico-pathological correlation.

Pulmonary malformations are rare disorders, with cystic and pseudocystic pulmonary malformations (CPPM) the most frequent, and constitute the first cause of lobectomy in children <1 year of age. Morphological overlap of congenital cystic pulmonary lesions might correspond to a spectrum of lesions in which bronchial atresia is a common etiopathogenetic mechanism. We aimed to report the frequency of CPPM resected in a tertiary-level hospital and to evaluate the degree of agreement between presurgical and anatomopathological diagnoses.

Effect of oral glycine on the clinical, spirometric and inflammatory status in subjects with cystic fibrosis: a pilot randomized trial.

Background: Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) have airway inflammation that contributes to symptoms and to pulmonary function derangement. Current drugs used to diminish airway inflammation improve the clinical and spirometric status of patients with CF, but their use is limited due to their undesired side effects, for example, glucose intolerance, growth retardation, and cataracts with corticosteroids, gastrointestinal toxicity with ibuprofen, and macrolide resistance with azythromycin. Glycine is known to decrease activation of inflammatory cells, including alveolar macrophages and neutrophils, and is relatively inexpensive, palatable, and virtually devoid of untoward effects.

Unsuspected Lung Pathology in Autopsies of Children with Cancer.

Background: Although pulmonary involvement is common in patients with cancer, its frequency and nature is seldom reported in the medical literature.

Objective: To determine the frequency and type of lung pathological conditions revealed by autopsy in children with cancer.

Methods: All reports from autopsies performed in children with cancer from 1989 to 2012 in a pediatric hospital were reviewed.

[Risk factors related to nosocomial pneumonia in pediatric patients undergoing heart surgery].

Background: Procalcitonin is a diagnostic marker useful to discern infections and non-infectious complications in heart surgeries. The aim is to describe risk factors related to nosocomial pneumonia and the predictive value of serum procalcitonin in pediatric patients undergoing heart surgery.

Methods: During a year a nested case-control study was carried out in a third level hospital.

Oral hygiene and dental status as factors related to asthma in high school and college students.

Objective: Considering that oral microbiota might modulate immune responses, we explored if customary oral care procedures might influence immune-driven diseases such as asthma.

Methods: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional analysis of responses to a self-completion medical questionnaire applied to subjects entering into college and high school programs during 2006-2011.

Results: Responses from 329 780 students aged 14-24 years (97.

Type II congenital cystic pulmonary malformation in an esophageal lung.

A seven-month-old girl, born prematurely (birth weight 1000 g) from a twin pregnancy, was admitted to hospital due to recurrent pneumonia and atelectasis. She experienced cough and respiratory distress during feeding. The right hemithorax was smaller than the left, with diminished breath sounds and dullness.

[Epidemiological trends 1992-2007 in a neonatal intensive care unit].

Introduction: progressive advances in neonatal care are expected to change the epidemiological profile of patients and conditions seen in neonatal intensive care units (NICU). Thus, the objective of this study was to identify such changes in a NICU in Mexico City.

Methods: retrospectively, we analyzed age, gender, weight at admission, hospital stay,diagnoses at discharge and cause of death in 5,192 patients admitted from 1992-2007.

Passive smoking induces leukotriene production in children: influence of asthma.

Background: Passive smoking is associated with poor asthma control in children, but the mechanism is unknown. Leukotrienes are involved in the asthma pathogenesis and their synthesis is increased in adult subjects who actively smoke.

Objective: To evaluate whether passive smoking, as assessed by urinary cotinine levels, increases leukotriene production in children with or without asthma.

Reference values for airway resistance in newborns, infants and preschoolers from a Latin American population.

Background And Objective: Several studies have determined reference values for airway resistance measured by the interrupter technique (Rint) in paediatric populations, but only one has been done on Latin American children, and no studies have been performed on Mexican children. Moreover, these previous studies mostly included children aged 3 years and older; therefore, information regarding Rint reference values for newborns and infants is scarce.

Methods: Rint measurements were performed on preschool children attending eight kindergartens (Group 1) and also on sedated newborns, infants and preschool children admitted to a tertiary-level paediatric hospital due to non-cardiopulmonary disorders (Group 2).

Diagnoses unveiled by early bronchoscopy in children with leukemia and pulmonary infiltrates.

Pulmonary complications in children with leukemia often display nonspecific clinical and radiologic manifestations that lead to a delay in diagnosis. The role of fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) and the proper time for its performance are controversial. The aim of our study was to evaluate the frequency and nature of specific diagnoses revealed by FOB.

Endoscopy for the initial suspicion of vascular rings in tracheoesophageal compressions: correlation with surgical findings.

Unlabelled: Vascular rings (VR) may produce extrinsic compression of trachea and/or esophagus. Diagnosis relies on nonspecific clinical data from resulting compression and image studies, mainly angiography, computed tomography, and cardiovascular MRI. Because of their low incidence, diagnosis is often missed.

[Airway resistance and urinary LTE4 in children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Preliminary report].

Objective: To assess airway resistance values and urinary leukotriene E4 (LTE4) concentrations before and after salbutamol inhalation in children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).

Material And Methods: Children with BPD were cross-sectionally studied to measure airway resistance by the interrupter technique (Rint), before and after inhaling 200 ig salbutamol, and to quantify urinary leukotriene E4 (LTE4) by immunoassay.

Results: Thirty one children with BPD (15 females) aged between 3 months and 9 years were studied.

[Clinical competence of emergency clinicians in the management of asthmatic exacerbation in children].

Unlabelled: In spite of its high prevalence, asthma continues to be undertreated worldwide, and a physician's deficient knowledge seems to be the main reason.

Objectives: To measure the degree of physician's knowledge about classification and treatment of asthma exacerbations in children, and to identify physician's factors that might be involved.

Methods: A prospective, observational, cross-sectional and analytical study was carried out.

Day-night fluctuation of pulse oximetry: an exploratory study in pediatric inpatients.

Background: Pulse oximetry is a simple and non-invasive procedure widely used nowadays in the clinical practice. However, it is unclear if SpO2 values are constant throughout the 24 hours of the day or have periodic fluctuations. In the present study we evaluated if progressive day-night variations of SpO, values occur in children.

Cutoff value of lipid-laden alveolar macrophages for diagnosing aspiration in infants and children.

Chronic passage of gastric and/or alimentary material into the airways is a frequent and difficult-to-diagnose condition. Because alveolar macrophages phagocytose aspirated material, it has been suggested that their identification is a useful diagnostic method. To know the usefulness of the lipid-laden alveolar macrophages (LLAM) index as a diagnostic tool for aspiration, children from 1 month to 16 years of age were included in three groups: G-I, children with pulmonary pathology and suspicion of aspiration by clinic or image evaluation; G-II, with pulmonary pathology without suspicion of aspiration; and G-III, without respiratory symptoms nor suspicion of aspiration.

Underestimation of the peak flow variability in asthmatic children: evaluation of a new formula.

Asthma guidelines suggest evaluation of peak expiratory flow (PEF) variability, but timing for the two PEF measurements is not mentioned. Usual formula calculates amplitude as percentage of mean day-night PEF values. Since PEF circadian changes follow a sinusoidal function, we reasoned that variability might be calculated by measuring PEF at 4 pm (PEF(1)) and either at 10 am or 10 pm (PEF(2)) with the formula %variability = 200 .

Evaluation of antihypoxemic maneuvers before tracheal aspiration in mechanically ventilated newborns.

Periodical tracheal aspiration in mechanically ventilated patients is necessary to remove mucus from the airways. In children and adults, this procedure causes transient hypoxemia, which may be prevented by hyperoxia and/or hyperventilation. These findings, however, have not been sufficiently assessed in newborn infants.

Sweat conductivity and chloride titration for cystic fibrosis diagnosis in 3834 subjects.

Sweat test is the standard for cystic fibrosis (CF) diagnosis. Conductivity is an alternative method not yet approved, in spite of its good correlation with chloride concentration. The aim was to assess the capacity of sweat conductivity to discriminate between CF and non-CF subjects.

Trends of asthma in Mexico: an 11-year analysis in a nationwide institution.

Study Objectives: Asthma prevalence is increasing in many countries. Some recent articles, however, claim that this tendency is ending. Our aim was to investigate asthma trends in Mexico.