Enteral L-citrulline supplementation in preterm infants is safe and effective in increasing plasma arginine and citrulline levels-a pilot randomized trial.

Objective: Deficiencies of citrulline and arginine have been associated with adverse outcomes in preterm-infants and data regarding enteral supplementation in preterm infants is limited.

Study Design: This randomized -trial [NCT03649932] included 42 preterm infants (gestational age ≤33 weeks) randomized to receive enteral L-citrulline in low (100 mg/kg/day), medium (200 mg/kg/day) and high-dose (300 mg/kg/day) groups for 7 days. Plasma citrulline and arginine levels were obtained pre-and-post supplementation and efficacy was determined by a significant increase in levels after supplementation.

Rapid infusion of fish oil-based lipid emulsions: Is there a risk of fat overload syndrome? A case report of rapid administration.

What Is Known And Objectives: Errors involving the delivery of IVFE containing soybean oil have known significant complications, including fat overload syndrome. However, little is known regarding the risks of fat overload syndrome with other types of lipid emulsions.

Case Summary: We describe a medication administration error that resulted in rapid fish oil-base lipid emulsion (Omegaven) infusion in a five-month-old infant with parenteral nutrition associated liver disease (PNALD).

Management of Late Preterm and Term Neonates exposed to maternal Chorioamnionitis.

Background: Chorioamnionitis is a significant risk factor for early-onset neonatal sepsis. However, empiric antibiotic treatment is unnecessary for most asymptomatic newborns exposed to maternal chorioamnionitis (MC). The purpose of this study is to report the outcomes of asymptomatic neonates ≥35 weeks gestational age (GA) exposed to MC, who were managed without routine antibiotic administration and were clinically monitored while following complete blood cell counts (CBCs).