Bioethanol lignin-rich residue from olive stones for electrospun nanostructures development and castor oil structuring.

This work describes the chemical and structural characterization of a lignin-rich residue from the bioethanol production of olive stones and its use for nanostructures development by electrospinning and castor oil structuring. The olive stones were treated by sequential acid/steam explosion pretreatment, further pre-saccharification using a hydrolytic enzyme, and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (PSSF). The chemical composition of olive stone lignin-rich residue (OSL) was evaluated by standard analytical methods, showing a high lignin content (81.

Green solvents extraction-based detoxification to enhance the enzymatic hydrolysis of steam-exploded lignocellulosic biomass and recover bioactive compounds.

A novel strategy for pre-treated biomass detoxification combining emerging green solvents and low environmental impact extraction technologies was evaluated. Steam-exploded biomass was subjected to microwave-assisted or orbital shaking extraction using bio-based or eutectic solvents. The extracted biomass was enzymatically hydrolysed.

Enzyme-Catalyzed Polymerization of Kraft Lignin from : Comparison of Bacterial and Fungal Laccases Efficacy.

Kraft lignin, a side-stream from the pulp and paper industry, can be modified by laccases for the synthesis of high added-value products. This work aims to study different laccase sources, including a bacterial laccase from (SiLA) and a fungal laccase from (MtL), for kraft lignin polymerization. To study the influence of some variables in these processes, a central composite design (CCD) with two continuous variables (enzyme concentration and reaction time) and three levels for each variable was used.

NMR Study on Laccase Polymerization of Kraft Lignin Using Different Enzymes Source.

The usage of laccases is a sustainable and environmentally friendly approach to modifying the Kraft lignin structure for use in certain applications. However, the inherent structure of Kraft lignin, as well as that resulting from laccase modification, still presents challenges for fundamental comprehension and successful lignin valorization. In this study, bacterial and fungal laccases were employed to modify eucalypt Kraft lignin.

Emulsion Stabilization by Cationic Lignin Surfactants Derived from Bioethanol Production and Kraft Pulping Processes.

Oil-in-water bitumen emulsions stabilized by biobased surfactants such as lignin are in line with the current sustainable approaches of the asphalt industry involving bitumen emulsions for reduced temperature asphalt technologies. With this aim, three lignins, derived from the kraft pulping and bioethanol industries, were chemically modified via the Mannich reaction to be used as cationic emulsifiers. A comprehensive chemical characterization was conducted on raw lignin-rich products, showing that the kraft sample presents a higher lignin concentration and lower molecular weight.

Different Kraft lignin sources for electrospun nanostructures production: Influence of chemical structure and composition.

This work focuses on the structural features and physicochemical properties of different Kraft lignins and how they can influence the electrospinning process to obtain nanostructures. Structural features of Kraft lignins were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance, size exclusion chromatography, fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermal analysis, whereas chemical composition was analyzed by standard method. The addition of cellulose acetate (CA) improves the electrospinning process of Kraft lignins (KL).

L., an Autochthonous Species of Spain: A Source for Cellulose Nanofibers by Chemical Pretreatment.

In order to identify new sustainable sources for producing cellulose nanofibers (CNFs), fast-growing poplar ( L.) wood was evaluated herein. For that purpose, bleached poplar kraft pulp was produced and submitted to TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical) mediated oxidation (TEMPO-ox) chemical pretreatment followed by microfluidization.

Chemical, Thermal and Antioxidant Properties of Lignins Solubilized during Soda/AQ Pulping of Orange and Olive Tree Pruning Residues.

Some agroforestry residues such as orange and olive tree pruning have been extensively evaluated for their valorization due to its high carbohydrates content. However, lignin-enriched residues generated during carbohydrates valorization are normally incinerated to produce energy. In order to find alternative high added-value applications for these lignins, a depth characterization of them is required.

Properties versus application requirements of solubilized lignins from an elm clone during different pre-treatments.

Kraft pulping, organosolv process and acid hydrolysis were applied on an elm clone. The solubilized lignins were recovered and analyzed. Kraft pulping and acid hydrolysis led to lignins with higher phenolic OH content as result of extensive cleavage of β-O-4' linkages, as revealed by C solid state and C-H heteronuclear single quantum coherence nuclear magnetic resonance.

Cellulose Pulp- and Castor Oil-Based Polyurethanes for Lubricating Applications: Influence of Action on Barley and Wheat Straws.

The replacement of mineral oils and non-renewable gelling agents is an imperative requirement for the lubricant industry in the near future. In this framework, cellulose pulp and castor oil are proposed as sustainable substitutes for these components. Biological treatment has been explored and evaluated to enhance the dispersing and thickening properties of cellulose pulp in oil media.

Cellulose Nanofibers from a Dutch Elm Disease-Resistant Clone.

The potential use of elm wood in lignocellulosic industries has been hindered by the Dutch elm disease (DED) pandemics, which have ravaged European and North American elm groves in the last century. However, the selection of DED-resistant cultivars paves the way for their use as feedstock in lignocellulosic biorefineries. Here, the production of cellulose nanofibers from the resistant clone Ademuz was evaluated for the first time.

Evaluation of lignin-enriched side-streams from different biomass conversion processes as thickeners in bio-lubricant formulations.

This study explores the suitability of residual lignin-containing fractions generated as side-streams in different conversion processes of eucalypt and pine woods as thickening agents in bio-lubricant formulations. These conversion processes included fermentable sugars extraction by autohydrolysis or steam explosion and kraft pulping. Structural properties of lignin fractions were characterized by FTIR, H and C NMR, two-dimensional NMR, TGA and SEC, whereas their compositions were analysed by standard analytical methods.

Chemical and thermal analysis of lignin streams from Robinia pseudoacacia L. generated during organosolv and acid hydrolysis pre-treatments and subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis.

Lignin streams produced in biorefineries are commonly used to obtain energy. In order to increase the competitiveness of this industry, new lignin valorization routes are necessary, for which a depth characterization of this biological macromolecule is essential. In this context, this study analyzed lignin streams of Robinia pseudoacacia L.

Characterization of lignins from Populus alba L. generated as by-products in different transformation processes: Kraft pulping, organosolv and acid hydrolysis.

The complexity and heterogeneity of lignin requires a detailed understanding in order to decide about more efficient lignin valorization approaches. This study deals with the characterization of lignins from Populus alba L. generated as by-products in different transformation processes: kraft pulping, organosolv and dilute acid hydrolysis.

Endophytic Fungi as Pretreatment to Enhance Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Olive Tree Pruning.

Olive tree pruning, as one of the most abundant lignocellulosic residues in Mediterranean countries, has been evaluated as a source of sugars for fuel and chemicals production. A mild acid pretreatment has been combined with a fungal pretreatment using either two endophytes ( sp. and sp.

Assessing cellulose nanofiber production from olive tree pruning residue.

Pruning operation in olive trees generates a large amount of biomass that is normally burned causing severe environmental concern. Therefore, the transformation of this agricultural residue into value-added products is imperative but still remains as a technological challenge. In this study, olive tree pruning (OTP) residue is evaluated for the first time to produce cellulose nanofibers (CNF).

Comparison of the efficiency of bacterial and fungal laccases in delignification and detoxification of steam-pretreated lignocellulosic biomass for bioethanol production.

This study evaluates the potential of a bacterial laccase from Streptomyces ipomoeae (SilA) for delignification and detoxification of steam-exploded wheat straw, in comparison with a commercial fungal laccase from Trametes villosa. When alkali extraction followed by SilA laccase treatment was applied to the water insoluble solids fraction, a slight reduction in lignin content was detected, and after a saccharification step, an increase in both glucose and xylose production (16 and 6%, respectively) was observed. These effects were not produced with T.

Evaluation of lignins from side-streams generated in an olive tree pruning-based biorefinery: Bioethanol production and alkaline pulping.

In modern lignocellulosic-based biorefineries, carbohydrates can be transformed into biofuels and pulp and paper, whereas lignin is burned to obtain energy. However, a part of lignin could be converted into value-added products including bio-based aromatic chemicals, as well as building blocks for materials. Then, a good knowledge of lignin is necessary to define its valorisation procedure.

Use of new endophytic fungi as pretreatment to enhance enzymatic saccharification of Eucalyptus globulus.

New endophytic fungi are assessed for the first time as pretreatment to enhance saccharification of Eucalyptus globulus wood. The fungi are all laccase-producing ascomycetes and were isolated from eucalyptus trees in Spain. After five endophytes had been assayed alone or in combination with white-rot fungus Trametes sp.

Influence of process variables on the properties of laccase biobleached pulps.

A laccase stage can be used as a pre-treatment of a standard chemical bleaching sequence to reduce environmental concerns associated to this process. The importance of each independent variable and its influence on the properties of the bleached pulp have been studied in depth in this work, using an adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) with four independent variables (laccase, buffer, mediator and oxygen) as input. Eucalyptus globulus kraft pulp was biobleached using a laccase from Pycnoporus sanguineus and a natural mediator (acetosyringone).

Enhancement of enzymatic saccharification of Eucalyptus globulus: steam explosion versus steam treatment.

Steam explosion and steam pre-treatment have proved capable of enhancing enzymatic saccharification of lignocellulosic materials. However, until now, these methods had not been compared under the same operational conditions and using the same raw material. Both pre-treatments lead to increased yields in the saccharification of Eucalyptus globulus; but results have been better with steam pre-treatments, despite the more accessible surface of exploded samples.

Integration of a kraft pulping mill into a forest biorefinery: pre-extraction of hemicellulose by steam explosion versus steam treatment.

Growing interest in alternative and renewable energy sources has brought increasing attention to the integration of a pulp mill into a forest biorefinery, where other products could be produced in addition to pulp. To achieve this goal, hemicelluloses were extracted, either by steam explosion or by steam treatment, from Eucalyptus globulus wood prior to pulping. The effects of both pre-treatments in the subsequent kraft pulping and paper strength were evaluated.

Laccase production by Pycnoporus sanguineus under different culture conditions.

Pycnoporus sanguineus is a white-rot fungus that produces ligninolytic enzymes such as laccases. These enzymes can endure temperatures as high as 60 degrees C and are useful for pulp bleaching, dye decolorization and phenolic degradation.Laccase production by fungi depends not only on the carbon and nitrogen sources but also on the nitrogen concentration of the culture medium.