Impact of integrated preventive and curative health package on nutritional status of children under 2 years of age in the health area of Tama, Tahoua region (Niger).

Background: Niger, relevant in light of current political coup, is one of the countries with the worst human development indicators, characterized by high fertility rates and extremely high infant mortality rates. Food insecurity in the region is alarming, leading to high malnutrition rates in children. This study aimed to evaluate an integral preventive-curative health program targeting children aged under 2 years in the health area of Tama, district of Bouza, Tahoua.

Differences in wasting assessment through Middle-Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) adjusted by sex, age and geographic origin for children aged 6-59 months: New reference based on anthropometric surveys from 22 low-and-middle-income countries.

Objectives: The Middle Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) bracelet is a widely used instrument in public health assessments and humanitarian assistance projects. The WHO guidelines present a universal cut-off point of 115 mm to determine whether a child has severe acute malnutrition. The objective of this study is to analyze the existing differences in the MUAC for boys and girls aged between 6 and 59 months, from 22 countries distributed in three different continents, in contrast to the use of this single cut-off point.

Public Health Implications of Wasting and Stunting Relationship in Children under Five Years Highly Vulnerable to Undernutrition in Guatemala: The REDAC Study.

(1) Background: Guatemala is the Latin American country with the highest prevalence of childhood stunting. Short height can bias the diagnosis of wasting when using the weight-for-height indicator. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic concordance of the anthropometric indicators of wasting and the relationship between wasting and stunting in children from highly vulnerable communities in Guatemala.

Association between Maternal Factors, Preterm Birth, and Low Birth Weight of Chilean Singletons.

There has been an increase in preterm (PT) births in Western countries in recent years, which is associated with low-birthweight (LBW) children. The aim of this study was to determine the association between maternal factors and PT and LBW Chilean newborns. Methods: This was an analytical cross-sectional study of a national sample of 903,847 newborns and their mothers.

Psychological distress in Spanish airline pilots during the aviation crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and psychometric analysis of the 12-item general health questionnaire.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychological distress of Spanish airline pilots, a group of professionals undergoing an unprecedented work situation as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic. To do so, we administered the General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12). A total of 342 questionnaires were obtained, with the largest respondent age group being 41-50 years.

Hand grip strength in boys and girls from summer school camps in Spain, 1900-1925. A comparison with 21st century data.

Objectives: The Spanish National Pedagogic Museum (Museo Pedagógico Nacional, MPN), founded by La Institución Libre de Enseñanza, organized the first summer school camps in Spain and their initiative was followed by other institutions in this country. MPN prepared anthropological forms for those sojourns, which included information about both metric and physiological measurements of the schoolchildren. The aim of the current work is to analyze hand grip strength data and to compare them with recent values.

Household food insecurity and nutritional status of schoolchildren in rural regions of Bajo Lampa, El Salvador (2018-2019).

In 2018, a cross-sectional study was conducted in six communities of Tecoluca, Bajo Lempa (El Salvador). Weight, height, sitting-height, skinfolds thickness and head, arm, and waist circumferences were measured in a sample of 334 schoolchildren. Nutritional status, body composition, and Extended Composite Index for Anthropometric Failure (ECIAF) were estimated.

Variation of the cormic index since the onset of summer school camps in Spain (1887) up to present days.

Objectives: To assess a secular change in proportion between lower limbs and torso, we analyzed the evolution of cormic index in schoolchildren attending summer camps organized by the Spanish National Pedagogic Museum between 1887 and 1924, also comparing to later studies up to the present.

Subjects And Methods: Unpublished primary data for height and sitting height were collected from 805 individuals of both sexes. Data were pooled in cohorts according to age and year of measurement.

Historical recollection of anthropometric data from schoolchildren attending summer camps from 1887 to 1934 in Spain: Interpretations and comparison with coetaneous and modern references.

Objectives: Around the aim of gaining knowledge on the secular trends in nutritional status of the Spanish population, we found a collection of historical records compiled by La Institución Libre de Enseñanza and their alumni association along 47 years. These data had been collected from boys and girls attending summer camps, with a policy of improving health of children with unfavorable socioeconomic conditions. The objective is to extract all possible information about growth changes, and eventually any interpretation related to status of the originating families.

Comparative study of mid-upper arm circumference, arm muscle area and arm fat area percentiles in Argentinean and US children aged 4-14 years.

Background: mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), subcutaneous fat and muscle measurements are an alternative method to diagnose overweight and evaluate growth as well as protein and energy reserves. Aim: to compare MUAC, arm muscle area (AMA) and arm fat area (AFA) measurements of Argentinean boys and girls (Sa) with reference curves for US boys and girls (R). Subjects and methods: data from 22,736 school-children aged 4-14 years from six Argentinean provinces were collected.

Describing the children's body shape by means of Geometric Morphometric techniques.

Introduction: Large shape variations take place during the growth process of children, including quantitative mass and size increase plus qualitative changes in their body shape. The aim of the present study is to apply Geometric Morphometric techniques in order to visualize and quantify such body shape differences in healthy children aged 6-59 months with optimal nutritional status.

Materials And Methods: Anthropometrical measurements of weight, height, and middle-upper arm circumference were used to assess nutritional status on a sample of 258 Senegalese (n = 154) and Spanish (n = 104) children.

Influence of malnutrition upon all-cause mortality among children in Swaziland.

Objective: To analyze the effect of the type of malnutrition, sex, age and the presence of edema upon all-cause mortality in children under 5 years of age.

Material And Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted during 2010 and 2011 in Swaziland. Sex, age, weight and height were taken to classify nutritional status according to the 2006 WHO growth standards: stunting (low height for age), wasting (low weight for height or low body mass index for age) and underweight (low weight for age).

Migration and nutritional status of Tarahumara schoolchildren from Chihuahua State (México).

Objective: The Tarahumara ethnic group is composed of indigenous people from the Sierra Madre Occidental of Mexico. Conditions of isolation and poverty compel them to migrate to the city in search of better opportunities. This work aims to explore the influence of migration on the growth and nutritional status of Tarahumara schoolchildren.

Altitude effect on birth weight and prematurity in the Province of Catamarca (Argentina).

Objectives: To analyze the effect of altitude on weight and prematurity at birth in the Province of Catamarca (Argentina), between the years 1994 and 2003.

Methods: Records of 22,628 newborns were collected from the vital statistics of the census of Catamarca. Weight was recategorized to include low birth weight (<2,500 g), and gestational age was divided into births that had occurred before or after 37 weeks (preterm or at term births).

[Utility of self-reported anthropometric data for evaluation of obesity in the Spanish population; study EPINUT-ARKOPHARMA].

Introduction: Epidemiological studies frequently use weight and height collected by questionnaires, but the inaccuracy of self-reported data may bias the evaluation result. The aim of this study is to validate the self-report in Spanish adult population emphasizing the effect of age and nutritional status of the subjects.

Methods: The sample consist of 9,294 adults (8,072 women and 1,222 men) recruited from dietetic counselling centers dependents of Arkopharma laboratories in 46 Spanish provinces.

Anthropometric parameters in screening for excess of adiposity in Argentinian and Spanish adolescents: evaluation using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) methodology.

Background: Various anthropometric parameters have been proposed for defining overweight in adolescence, but few studies have evaluated their diagnostic accuracy in comparative terms, using samples from different regions.

Aim: To compare the performance of anthropometric parameters in determining the excess of adiposity in Argentinian and Spanish adolescents.

Subjects And Methods: The sample is composed of 1781 Argentinian and 1350 Spanish subjects, aged 12-17 years.

[Diagnostic accuracy of waist to height ratio in screening of overweight and infant obesity].

Background And Objective: To explore the sensitivity and specificity of waist to height index as indicator of overweight and obesity in pediatric age and to obtain cut-off points to simplify the diagnosis.

Subjects And Methods: Two thousand and three hundred and nineteen schoolchildren between 6 and 14 years were analyzed. Anthropometric measures were taken (height, weight, waist circumference and skinfolds thickness), and waist to height ratio (WHR), BMI and fat percentage were calculated.