Deciphering the Dual Role of Antigens in Macrophage Modulation and Breast Cancer Cell Growth.

In our study, we explored how parasitic nematodes, specifically , influence the immune response, focusing on their potential role in tumor growth. The study aimed to understand the mechanisms by which these parasites modify immune cell activation, particularly in macrophages, and how this might create an environment conducive to tumor growth. Our methods involved analyzing the effects of excretory-secretory antigens on macrophage activation and their subsequent impact on breast cancer cell lines EMT6 and 4T1.

Modulation of LPS-Induced Neurodegeneration by Intestinal Helminth Infection in Ageing Mice.

Parasitic helminths induce a transient, short-term inflammation at the beginning of infection, but in persistent infection may suppress the systemic immune response by enhancing the activity of regulatory M2 macrophages. The aim of the study was to determine how nematode infection affects age-related neuroinflammation, especially macrophages in the nervous tissue. Here, intraperitoneal LPS-induced systemic inflammation resulting in brain neurodegeneration was enhanced by prolonged infection in C57BL/6 mice.

Synthesis and anthelmintic activity of novel thiosemicarbazide and 1,2,4-triazole derivatives: In vitro, in vivo, and in silico study.

Introduction: Intestinal parasitic infections are neglected diseases and, due to the increasing resistance of parasites to available drugs, they pose an increasing therapeutic challenge. Therefore, there is a great need for finding new compounds with antiparasitic activity.

Objectives: In this work, new thiosemicarbazide and 1,2,4-triazole derivatives were synthesized and tested for their anthelmintic activity.

Nematode-Induced Growth Factors Related to Angiogenesis in Autoimmune Disease Attenuation.

Accumulating data suggest an important role of growth factors in autoimmune diseases and parasitic nematode infections. Nematodes are used in clinical studies of autoimmune diseases and parasite-derived molecules are widely studied for their therapeutic potential in various types of disorders. However, the effect of nematode infection on growth factors in autoimmune disorders has not been studied.

Novel Role of Mammalian Cell Senescence-Sustenance of Muscle Larvae of spp.

Muscle larva of the parasitic nematode spp. lives in a portion of muscle fibre transformed to a nurse cell (NC). Based on our previous transcriptomic studies, NC growth arrest was inferred to be accompanied by cellular senescence.

Triterpenoid Saponins Impact the Immune Recognition of Proteins in Parasitic Nematodes.

The influence of triterpenoid saponins on subcellular morphological changes in the cells of parasitic nematodes remains poorly understood. Our study examines the effect of oleanolic acid glucuronides from marigold () on the possible modification of immunogenic proteins from infective larvae (L3). Our findings indicate that the triterpenoid saponins alter the subcellular morphology of the larvae and prevent recognition of nematode-specific proteins by rabbit immune-IgG.

Immunomodulatory potential of nematodes against dendritic cells is dependent on intestinal inflamation.

The mouse intestinal parasite Heligmosomoides polygyrus demonstrates adaptation to the inflammatory milieu as a result of colitis induced by dextran sulphate sodium (DSS). Nematodes from mice with colitis had different effects on dendritic cells than nematodes from mice without colitis. Immature JAWSII cells pre-exposed to L4 stage H.

The intestinal milieu influences the immunoproteome of male and female L4 stage.

The gastrointestinal nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri shows enhanced survival in mice with colitis. As the antibody response plays an important role in antiparasitic immunity, antibodies against male and female L4 H. polygyrus were examined in mice with and without colitis.

Role of l-arginine and CD11b+Gr-1+ cells in immunosuppression induced by Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri.

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are heterogeneous population of monocyte and granulocyte progenitors that are highly suppressive against T cells. In BALB/c mice infected with a nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri, we studied the dynamics of MDSCs, identified as CD11b+Gr-1+, induction in different tissues along with the development of parasite infection. We observed that MDSC-like cells are induced both by larvae and adult stages of H polygyrus bakeri.

Effects of intestinal nematode treatment on CD11b activation state in an EAE mouse model of multiple sclerosis.

The experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) animal model of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is characterized by episodic neurologic dysfunction arising as a consequence of perivascular mononuclear cell infiltration and demyelination in the CNS. Leukocyte integrins, which are responsible for migration through the endothelial, play key roles in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and chronic inflammation. Intestinal infection of mice with Heligmosomoides polygyrus appears to target CD11b (integrin αM), which is highly expressed on myeloid cells and is critical for their migration and function.

L4 stage Heligmosomoides polygyrus prevents the maturation of dendritic JAWS II cells.

Helminths and their products are strong candidates for the treatment of autoimmunological disorders and allergies. Being a key population of antigen-presenting cells, dendritic cells play a crucial role in the therapeutic potential of worms. The study compares the effects of live pre-male and pre-female L4 stage Heligmosomoides polygyrus administration on the maturation and activation of the JAWS II line of immature dendritic cells.

Evaluation of inhibitory effect of redox-active antimalarial drug against Babesia microti in mice.

Babesiosis is an emerging, tick-transmitted disease caused by the intraerythrocytic parasite Babesia microti. In immunocompetent individuals, B. microti infection quickly resolves after antibabesial treatment.

Biodegradable Chitosan Decreases the Immune Response to Trichinella spiralis in Mice.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of chitosan units released during natural degradation of the polymer to activate the immune system against infection. High molecular weight chitosan was injected intraperitoneally into C57BL/6 mice. Flow cytometry and cytokine concentration, measured by ELISA, were used to characterize peritoneal cell populations during infection.

The Effects of Intestinal Nematode L4 Stage on Mouse Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.

Helminths use various immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory strategies to evade immune attack by the host. During pathological conditions, these strategies alter the course of disease by reducing immune-mediated pathology. The study examines the therapeutic effect of the nematode L4 stage based on an in vivo model of multiple sclerosis, monophasic encephalomyelitis (EAE), induced by sensitization with MOG peptide in C57BL/6 female mice infected with the intestinal nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus.

The antiparasitic activity of avenacosides against intestinal nematodes.

Avena sativa L., 1753 (Poaceae) is used as feed for livestock and as a crop rotation agent. The purpose of the study was to examine the molecular mechanisms behind the antihelminth activity of the oat saponins avenacoside B (AveB) and 26-desglucoavenacoside B (26DGAveB) by evaluating their effect on Heligmosomoides bakeri, a parasitic nematode of mice.

Regulatory function of parasites in autoimmune disease – outcome from experimental model infection.

It is estimated that more than half of the nowadays known species are pathogenic parasites. Among macroparasites gastrointestinal nematodes are one of most common and having significant impact on life and health. Those organisms reveal strong, specific immune response in host, involving primary mechanisms associated with regulatory and Th2 cells.

Chitin, a key factor in immune regulation: lesson from infection with fungi and chitin bearing parasites.

The probability of infection with fungi, as well as parasitic nematodes or arthropods may increase in overcrowded population of animals and human. The widespread overuse of drugs and immunosuppressants for veterinary or medical treatment create an opportunity for many pathogenic species. The aim of the review is to present the common molecular characteristics of such pathogens as fungi and nematodes and other chitin bearing animals, which may both activate and downregulate the immune response of the host.

Colitis promotes adaptation of an intestinal nematode: a Heligmosomoides polygyrus mouse model system.

The precise mechanism of the very effective therapeutic effect of gastrointestinal nematodes on some autoimmune diseases is not clearly understood and is currently being intensively investigated. Treatment with living helminths has been initiated to reverse intestinal immune-mediated diseases in humans. However, little attention has been paid to the phenotype of nematodes in the IBD-affected gut and the consequences of nematode adaptation.

Changes in Heligmosomoides polygyrus glycoprotein pattern by saponins impact the BALB/c mice immune response.

Saponins of marigold (Calendula officinalis), in particular derivatives of 3-O-monoglucuronide of oleanolic acid, are able to reduce infectivity of Heligmosomoides polygyrus in mice. The purpose of this study was to understand the immune activation provoked by third-stage larvae exposed to marigold glucuronides. We also examined the pattern of glycosylation of larval antigens which appeared to be crucial for induction of cytokine production in BALB/c mice; higher concentrations of IL-6, IFN-γ, IL-10 and TNF-α were observed in serum or intestine one week post infection.

Heligmosomoides polygyrus antigens inhibit the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis by overexpression of survivin and Bcl-2 protein in CD4 T cells.

Many laboratory studies and epidemiological observations confirm that nematodes prevent some immune-mediated diseases. The development of immunologically well-defined laboratory models of intestinal nematode infection has allowed significant advances to be made in understanding the immunological basis of effector mechanisms operating during infection under controlled laboratory conditions. The Heligmosomoides polygyrus- mouse system is used for studies of parasite immunomodulation.

Heligmosomoides polygyrus: EAE remission is correlated with different systemic cytokine profiles provoked by L4 and adult nematodes.

Primary exposure of mice to gastrointestinal nematode infection with Heligmosomoides polygyrus reduces inflammation in an experimental model of multiple sclerosis. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the ability of H. polygyrus L4 larvae and adults infection to reduce the symptoms of ongoing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in female C57Bl/6 mice.

[Nematode infections in mice--an experimental model of immunoregulation].

There has been a substantial increase in the incidence of autoimmune and allergic diseases in Western countries in the past few decades. However, in the geographic area endemic for parasitic helminth infections, such diseases remain relatively rare. It has been hypothesized that helminths may protect against immune disorders that have been observed in urbanized area.

Antibacterial and antiparasitic activity of oleanolic acid and its glycosides isolated from marigold (Calendula officinalis).

The antibacterial and antiparasitic activities of free oleanolic acid and its glucosides and glucuronides isolated from marigold (Calendula officinalis) were investigated. The MIC of oleanolic acid and the effect on bacterial growth were estimated by A600 measurements. Oleanolic acid's influence on bacterial survival and the ability to induce autolysis were measured by counting the number of cfu.

Attempts to establish RNA interference in the parasitic nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus.

To analyze the potential of RNA interference (RNAi) in the intestinal nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus, we delivered double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) of tropomyosin to various life stages of the parasite. Three different methods were examined for their potential use. First, feeding of recombinant bacteria that expressed dsRNA did neither result in phenotypical changes of H.

Heligmosomoides polygyrus: opioid peptides are involved in immune regulation of the histotropic phase of infection.

We investigated the potential effect of agonists of opioid receptors in the experimental model of Heligmosomoides polygyrus primary infection. BALB/c mice infected with H. polygyrus were treated with naltrexone, a non-specific antagonist of all three types of opioid receptors (mu, delta, kappa) prior to and during infection.