Influence of empirical double-active combination antimicrobial therapy compared with active monotherapy on mortality in patients with septic shock: a propensity score-adjusted and matched analysis.

Objectives: To evaluate the influence on mortality of empirical double-active combination antimicrobial therapy (DACT) compared with active monotherapy (AM) in septic shock patients.

Methods: A retrospective study was performed of monomicrobial septic shock patients admitted to a university centre during 2010-15. A propensity score (PS) was calculated using a logistic regression model taking the assigned therapy as the dependent variable, and used as a covariate in multivariate analysis predicting 7, 15 and 30 day mortality and for matching patients who received DACT or AM.

Central nervous system opportunistic infections in developed countries in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era.

A marked decrease in incidence has been observed for most central nervous system (CNS) opportunistic infections (OIs) after the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in developed countries. However, the spectrum of these OIs in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients has remained almost unchanged. CNS toxoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, tuberculosis, and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) remain the most frequent ones.