Gender Inequalities of Health and Quality of Life in Informal Caregivers in Spain: Protocol for the Longitudinal and Multicenter CUIDAR-SE Study.

Background: The aging population and increased disability prevalence in Spain have heightened the demand for long-term care. Informal caregiving, primarily performed by women, plays a crucial role in this scenario. This protocol outlines the CUIDAR-SE study, focusing on the gender-specific impact of informal caregiving on health and quality of life among caregivers in Andalusia and the Basque Country from 2013 to 2024.

Changes in Caregiver Personal Support Networks: Gender Differences and Effects on Health (CUIDAR-SE Study).

Technological changes have led to important advances in medical diagnoses and treatments that prolong the informal care process. Support from the personal network of informal caregivers is an undervalued resource and the changes that have occurred over time are unknown. The aim of this study was to analyze the changes in personal network support among informal caregivers and to examine the effect of these changes on self-perceived caregiver health, with a focus on differences between men and women and caregivers with high and low levels of burden We also investigated caregiver perceptions and explanations of changes to their support network (losses and additions and no change).

Health, Work, and Social Problems in Spanish Informal Caregivers: Does Gender Matter? (The CUIDAR-SE Study).

(1) Background: The aim of this study was (i) to analyze problems faced by informal caregivers in three areas of their life: health, work and finances, and family and social relationships, (ii) to investigate the main determinants of these problems, and (iii) to explore differences between men and women. (2) Methods: The study population consisted of people aged ≥18 years living in a family home who were providing unpaid care to a dependent person in the same or another home and who were registered as caregivers with the Primary Health Care District of Granada or the Provincial Council of Gipuzkoa. Several logistic regression models were built to analyze the likelihood of caregivers experiencing health, work-related, or social problems as a result of their caregiving responsibilities.

[Personal support networks and informal care: differences by sex and place? (CUIDAR-SE II study)].

Objective: To compare the composition and functionality of social support of personal networks of caregivers of Granada and Gipuzkoa (Spain) according to sex and province.

Method: Cross-sectional study with personal network analysis methodology. A sample of 66 caregivers segmented by sex in each province was selected.

[Caregiving and the COVID-19 pandemic from a gender perspective].

In the current pandemic situation, the literature urges to consider the gender approach to avoid deepening existing inequalities, as already happened in previous epidemics. This field note aims to describe an experience of application of gender analysis to the impact of the pandemic on the public health, carried out by the students and teachers of the Diploma of Gender and Health of the Andalusian School of Public Health-University of Granada. The activity consisted of a review of the literature on caregiving and its impact on health in the context of health crisis, a gender analysis of information and shared reflection and debate.

[Gender inequalities in authorship of the main Spanish medical journals in 2017].

Introduction: Some studies have shown a lower female participation in scientific publications. The objective of this study is to analyse the gender inequalities in the main Spanish journals of medical publications.

Material And Method: Cross-sectional study of the main Spanish medical journals classified by SCImago Journal & Country Ranking (n=24) and their publications (n=3.

Determinants of Burden and Satisfaction in Informal Caregivers: Two Sides of the Same Coin? The CUIDAR-SE Study.

The aim of this study conducted in Spain was to analyze and compare burden, severe burden, and satisfaction among informal caregivers in relation to health-related quality of life (HRQoL), type and duration of caregiving, perceived social support, and use of social and health care services. We performed multivariate analyses to identify variables associated with caregiver burden, severe burden, and satisfaction with caregiving, stratified by gender. The results showed that secondary or third-level education, performance of ungratifying tasks, negative coping with caregiving, and more years providing care were associated with greater burden.

[Multilevel analysis of global scientific production on parenthood, human development and gender equality].

Objective: To compare worldwide differences in scientific production on fatherhood and motherhood (quantity, start time and evolution over time), to determine the international geographic distribution of articles on fatherhood, and, to examine the relationship between the human development index (HDI), the global gender gap index (GGGI), and the number of articles on fatherhood.

Method: Descriptive analysis of articles on fatherhood and motherhood from the Scopus database 1788-2016, and longitudinal analysis 2006-2015 of the relationship between scientific production on fatherhood, the HDI and the GGGI, by means of a multilevel model with Poisson distribution and extra-Poisson parameter.

Results: We observed four times fewer articles on fatherhood than on motherhood.

The economic value of time of informal care and its determinants (The CUIDARSE Study).

Objective: The main aims of this paper are to analyse the monetary value of informal care time using different techniques and to identify significant variables associated with the number of caregiving hours.

Data And Methods: A multicentre study in two Spanish regions in adult caregivers was conducted. A total sample of 604 people was available.

[Gender inequalities in the impacts of informal elderly caregiving in Gipuzkoa: CUIDAR-SE study].

Objective: The provision of informal care determines the existence of health inequalities, as well as gender inequalities, because of women being the most frequent caregivers. The objectives of this study were to characterize the informal caregivers of elderly dependents in Gipuzkoa, to know the impact of caring on health and health related quality of life (HRQoL), and to explain the relationship between sex and consequences attributable to care.

Methods: Cross-sectional study analyzing health (self-perceived health and GHQ-12) and HRQoL (EQ-5D-5L) data of 123 women and 103 men who took care of a dependent elderly and participated in the first wave of the CUIDAR-SE study in Gipuzkoa.

Gender Differences in Social Support Received by Informal Caregivers: A Personal Network Analysis Approach.

Social support is an important predictor of the health of a population. Few studies have analyzed the influence of caregivers' personal networks from a gender perspective. The aim of this study was to analyze the composition, structure, and function of informal caregiver support networks and to examine gender differences.

Health-related quality of life in Spanish informal caregivers: gender differences and support received.

Purpose: We analyzed gender differences in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and associated factors between informal male and female caregivers in Spain. It is important because of growing rates of dependent people and dwindling public resources.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 610 informal caregivers (265 male and 345 female) using an ad hoc structured questionnaire.

[Gender inequalities in research in public health and epidemiology in Spain (2007-2014)].

Objective: To analyse gender inequalities in research on public health and epidemiology in Spain for the period 2007-2014.

Method: A descriptive study was conducted by sex of leadership positions in the Centre for Biomedical Research Network (CIBER), especially in the subject area of epidemiology and public health (CIBERESP) in 2014; scientific societies of public health (SESPAS) and epidemiology (SEE) 2009-2014; research projects requested (13,320) and financed (4,699), and monetary amounts of calls for Strategic Action in Health (AES), 2007-2013.

Results: Women were clearly under-represented in positions of leadership and in research excellence in public health (CIBER), with a predominance of men in decision-making positions.

Gender identity in informal care: impact on health in Spanish caregivers.

We examined the influence of gender identity on men's and women's perceptions of assuming the caregiver role to identify different coping strategies and the effects on caregiver health and quality of life. The study, performed in Andalusia, Spain, was based on a sociological analysis of the narratives produced during semistructured interviews with primary informal caregivers (16 men and 16 women) of different profiles. We observed a cultural assumption that women should assume the caregiver role and found that women shouldered the bulk of caregiving responsibilities and did not usually seek support.

Performing masculinity, influencing health: a qualitative mixed-methods study of young Spanish men.

Background: The literature shows how gender mandates contribute to differences in exposure and vulnerability to certain health risk factors. This paper presents the results of a study developed in the south of Spain, where research aimed at understanding men from a gender perspective is still limited.

Objective: The aim of this paper is to explore the lay perceptions and meanings ascribed to the idea of masculinity, identifying ways in which gender displays are related to health.

Male and female involvement in the birth and child-rearing process.

Aims And Objectives: To know the male involvement during pregnancy and childbirth, with special attention to their participation in public services of perinatal health and the impact that this participation has on their subsequent involvement in child-rearing, to compare the male and female involvement in child-rearing and to identify the factors associated with a greater male involvement.

Background: Most of the research on male involvement in birth and child-rearing comes from Anglo-Saxon and Scandinavian countries. These studies show a lower involvement of men in relation to women, even in countries with instruments to promote gender shared responsibility.

Exhausted women, tough men: a qualitative study on gender differences in health, vulnerability and coping with illness in Spain.

This study analyses different perceptions by women and men, from different social backgrounds and ages, regarding their health, vulnerability and coping with illness, and describes the main models provided by both sexes to explain determinants for gender inequalities in health. The qualitative study involved in-depth interviews with women and men resident in Granada (Spain). The women rated their health worse than men, associating it with feelings of exhaustion.

[Gender inequalities in the Spanish Public Health and Health Administration Society (2000-2009)].

Objective: To describe gender inequalities in positions of leadership and scientific recognition in activities carried out by the Spanish Public Health and Health Administration Society (SESPAS), the Spanish Epidemiology Society (SEE) and the Health Economics Association (AES) for 2000-2009.

Methods: We performed a descriptive study of the gender distribution of the boards of directors, scientific and conference organization committees and chairpersons of the SESPAS, SEE and AES. The gender distribution of the editorial board of Gaceta Sanitaria, and of the authors of editorials published in the journal, as well as that of the editors of SESPAS Reports, was also analyzed.

[Gender analysis of primary care professionals' perceptions and attitudes to informal care].

Objectives: To analyze primary care professionals' perceptions and attitudes to informal care from a gender perspective.

Methods: We performed a qualitative study using interviews and a discussion group. Eighteen primary care professionals were selected in the Health District of Grenada (Spain) by means of intentional sampling.