Mechanical Characterization and In Vitro Assay of Biocompatible Titanium Alloys.

Metals that come into contact with the body can cause reactions in the body, so biomaterials must be tested to avoid side effects. Mo, Zr, and Ta are non-toxic elements; alloyed with titanium, they have very good biocompatibility properties and mechanical properties. The paper aims to study an original Ti20Mo7ZrTa system (5, 10, 15 wt %) from a mechanical and in vitro biocompatibility point of view.

Electrochemical Analysis and In Vitro Assay of Mg-0.5Ca-xY Biodegradable Alloys.

In recent years, biodegradable Mg-based materials have been increasingly studied to be used in the medical industry and beyond. A way to improve biodegradability rate in sync with the healing process of the natural human bone is to alloy Mg with other biocompatible elements. The aim of this research was to improve biodegradability rate and biocompatibility of Mg-0.

Novel titanium-apatite hybrid scaffolds with spongy bone-like micro architecture intended for spinal application: In vitro and in vivo study.

Titanium alloy scaffolds with novel interconnected and non-periodic porous bone-like micro architecture were 3D-printed and filled with hydroxyapatite bioactive matrix. These novel metallic-ceramic hybrid scaffolds were tested in vitro by direct-contact osteoblast cell cultures for cell adhesion, proliferation, morphology and gene expression of several key osteogenic markers. The scaffolds were also evaluated in vivo by implanting them on transverse and spinous processes of sheep's vertebras and subsequent histology study.

Synthetic open cell foams versus a healthy human vertebra: Anisotropy, fluid flow and μ-CT structural studies.

Commercial synthetic open-cell foams are an alternative to human cadaveric bone to simulate in vitro different scenarios of bone infiltration properties. Unfortunately, these artificial foams do not reproduce the anisotropic microstructure of natural bone and, consequently, their suitability in these studies is highly questionable. In order to achieve scaffolds that successfully mimic human bone, microstructural studies of both natural porous media and current synthetic approaches are necessary at different length scales.

Analysis of bone cement distribution around fenestrated pedicle screws in low bone quality lumbosacral vertebrae.

Purpose: To study the exact distribution of bone cement around augmented fenestrated pedicle screws in both lumbar and sacral vertebrae of patients with low bone quality.

Methods: A total of 37 patients with instrumented lumbar fusion were investigated. 3D computed tomography virtual models of the injected cement and screws were obtained.

Advantageous new conic cannula for spine cement injection.

Study Design: Experimental study to characterize the influence of the cannula geometry on both, the pressure drop and the cement flow velocity established along the cannula.

Objective: To investigate how the new experimental geometry of cannulas can affect the extravertebral injection pressure and the velocity profiles established along the cannula during the injection process.

Summary Of Background Data: Vertebroplasty procedure is being used to treat vertebral compression fractures.

Iron oxide nanoparticles significantly enhances the injectability of apatitic bone cement for vertebroplasty.

Study Design: Experimental study to characterize the setting and the cytocompatibility properties of apatitic bone cement.

Objective: To investigate the setting, flowing, and biocompatibility properties of new iron-modified calcium phosphate bone cements.

Summary Of Background Data: Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty are efficient procedures for the treatment of painful vertebral compression fractures.

Modulation of porosity in apatitic cements by the use of alpha-tricalcium phosphate-calcium sulphate dihydrate mixtures.

Calcium phosphate bone cements are injectable biomaterials that are being used in dental and orthopaedic applications through minimally invasive surgery techniques. Nowadays, apatitic bone cements based on alpha-tricalcium phosphate (alpha-TCP) are of special interest due to their self-setting behaviour when mixed with an aqueous liquid phase. In this study, a new method to improve osteointegration of alpha-TCP-based cements is presented.