Recommendations for the care of patients with cardiovascular disease in health emergency situations: a call to action.

COVID-19 has had a negative impact on the health care of patients with cardiovascular disease and patients at high risk of cardiovascular disease. The restrictions affecting access to the health care system have conditioned the care received, resulting in poorer control and a higher risk of events. Taking action to improve the care provided during health emergencies is mandatory.

Effects of a New Group of Antidiabetic Drugs in Metabolic Diseases.

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is rising in the general population. This increase leads to higher cardiovascular risk, with cardiovascular diseases being the main cause of death in diabetic patients. New therapeutic weapons for diabetes mellitus are now available.

Abnormal ankle-brachial index, cardiovascular risk factors and healthy lifestyle factors in hypertensive patients: prospective cohort study from a primary care urban population.

Background: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and arterial stiffness (AS) may be hypertension-mediated vascular lesions. Both are determined by an abnormal ankle-brachial index (ABI) and are predictors of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality. We assessed the relationship in urban hypertensive patients between an abnormal ABI and an ideal cardiovascular health (CVH) score, plus other healthy factors, with unfavourable outcomes.

Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Elderly Patients with Frailty and/or Sarcopenia.

The life expectancy of the population is increasing worldwide due to improvements in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases. This favors a higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the elderly. Sarcopenia and frailty are also frequently present in aging.

A healthy lifestyle is associated with lower arterial stiffness in a metabolically healthy elderly population with overweight or obesity.

Background And Aims: Arterial stiffness is linked with the development of cardiovascular and noncardiovascular diseases. In clinical practice, measurement of carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV) has become a widely used study for the assessment of cardiovascular risk in elderly population. Our aim was to evaluate whether maintaining a healthy life, based on Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) and regular practice of physical activity, are associated with arterial stiffness in an elderly, metabolically healthy with overweight or obesity (MHOe) population.

Metabolically healthy obesity: Inflammatory biomarkers and adipokines in elderly population.

Background And Aims: Obesity is linked to elevated levels of inflammatory serum markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFa). Adiponectin and resistin are adipokines related to obesity. It has been described that adipose tissue presents a high production and secretion of these diverse pro-inflammatory molecules, which may have local effects on the physiology of fat cells as well as systemic effects on other organs.

The importance of association of comorbidities on COVID-19 outcomes: a machine learning approach.

Background: The individual influence of a variety of comorbidities on COVID-19 patient outcomes has already been analyzed in previous works in an isolated way. We aim to determine if different associations of diseases influence the outcomes of inpatients with COVID-19.

Methods: Retrospective cohort multicenter study based on clinical practice.

Statin Therapy in Very Old Patients: Lights and Shadows.

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD) are the leading cause of death worldwide. High levels of total cholesterol-and of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in particular-are one of the main risk factors associated with ASCVD. Statins are first-line treatment for hypercholesterolemia and have been proven to reduce major vascular events in adults with and without underlying ASCVD.

Statins and Peripheral Arterial Disease: A Narrative Review.

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a highly prevalent atherosclerotic condition. In patients with PAD, the presence of intermittent claudication leads to a deterioration in quality of life. In addition, even in asymptomatic cases, patients with PAD are at high risk of cardiac or cerebrovascular events.

Clinical benefits of empagliflozin in very old patients with type 2 diabetes hospitalized for acute heart failure.

Background: There is little evidence on the use of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in older patients with heart failure. This work analyzed the clinical efficacy and safety of empagliflozin continuation in very old patients with type 2 diabetes hospitalized for acute decompensated heart failure.

Methods: We conducted a real-world observational study between September 2015 and June 2021.

Lifestyle Modification Program on a Metabolically Healthy Elderly Population with Overweight/Obesity, Young-Old vs. Old-Old. CONSEQUENCES of COVID-19 Lockdown in This Program.

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic led to lockdowns, which affected the elderly, a high-risk group. Lockdown may lead to weight gain due to increased food intake and reduced physical activity (PA). Our study aimed to analyze the impact of a 12-month lifestyle intervention on a metabolically healthy overweight/obese elderly (MHOe) population and how the lockdown by COVID-19 affected this program.

Efficacy and Safety of Empagliflozin Continuation in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Hospitalised for Acute Decompensated Heart Failure.

There is little evidence on the use of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in hospitalised patients. This work aims to analyse the glycaemic and clinical efficacy and safety of empagliflozin continuation in patients with type 2 diabetes hospitalised for acute decompensated heart failure. This real-world observational study includes patients treated using our in-hospital antihyperglycaemic regimens (basal-bolus insulin vs.

De-Intensification of Antidiabetic Treatment Using Canagliflozin in Patients with Heart Failure and Type 2 Diabetes: Cana-Switch-HF Study.

Canagliflozin is a sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor that reduces glycemia as well as the risk of cardiovascular events. Our main objective was to analyze antidiabetic treatment de-intensification and the glycemic efficacy of replacing antidiabetic agents (excluding metformin) with canagliflozin in patients with heart failure and type 2 diabetes with poor glycemic control. In this observational, retrospective, real-world study, we selected patients treated with metformin in combination with ≥2 non-insulin antidiabetic agents or metformin in combination with basal insulin plus ≥1 non-insulin antidiabetic agent.

Calcifediol Treatment and Hospital Mortality Due to COVID-19: A Cohort Study.

Context: Calcifediol has been proposed as a potential treatment for COVID-19 patients.

Objective: To compare the administration or not of oral calcifediol on mortality risk of patients hospitalized because of COVID-19.

Design: Retrospective, multicenter, open, non-randomized cohort study.

Management of older hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes using linagliptin: Lina-Older study.

Background: Older patients managed with intensive antidiabetic therapy are more likely to be harmed. Our study's primary endpoint was to analyze the safety and efficacy of linagliptin in combination with basal insulin versus basal-bolus insulin in patients with 75 years of age or older hospitalized in medicine and surgery departments in real-world clinical practice.

Methods: We retrospectively enrolled non-critically patients ≥75 years with type 2 diabetes admitted to medicine and non-cardiac surgery departments with admission glycated hemoglobin <8%, admission blood glucose <240 mg/dL, and without at-home injectable therapies managed with our hospital's antihyperglycemic protocol (basal-bolus or linagliptin-basal regimens) between January 2016 and December 2018.

Impact of Arterial Stiffness on All-Cause Mortality in Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 in Spain.

Older age and cardiovascular comorbidities are well-known risk factors for all-cause mortality in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Hypertension and age are the 2 principal determinants of arterial stiffness (AS). This study aimed to estimate AS in patients with COVID-19 requiring hospitalization and analyze its association with all-cause in-hospital mortality.

Mortality and other adverse outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus admitted for COVID-19 in association with glucose-lowering drugs: a nationwide cohort study.

Background: Limited evidence exists on the role of glucose-lowering drugs in patients with COVID-19. Our main objective was to examine the association between in-hospital death and each routine at-home glucose-lowering drug both individually and in combination with metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus admitted for COVID-19. We also evaluated their association with the composite outcome of the need for ICU admission, invasive and non-invasive mechanical ventilation, or in-hospital death as well as on the development of in-hospital complications and a long-time hospital stay.

Metabolically Healthy Obesity: Presence of Arterial Stiffness in the Prepubescent Population.

Aim: Arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease, one of the world's leading causes of death, first manifests itself at an early age. The identification of children who may have increased cardiovascular risk in the future could be an important prevention strategy. Our aim was to assess the clinical, analytical, and dietary variables associated with arterial stiffness (AS), measured by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) in a prepubescent population with metabolically healthy obesity (MHO).

Differences between Clinical Protocols for the Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Andalusia, Spain.

Our objective was to compare clinical protocols for the treatment of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among different hospitals in Andalusia, Spain. We reviewed the current COVID-19 protocols of the 15 largest hospitals in Andalusia. Antiviral treatment, empirical antibacterial agents, adjunctive therapies, anticoagulant treatment, supportive care, hospital organization, and discharge recommendations were analyzed.

Utility of Liver Function Tests and Fatty Liver Index to Categorize Metabolic Phenotypes in a Mediterranean Population.

The aim of this study was to analyze the utility of liver function tests (LFT) and fatty liver index (FLI), a surrogate marker of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, in the categorization of metabolic phenotypes in a Mediterranean population. A cross-sectional study was performed on a random representative sample of 2233 adults assigned to a health center in Málaga, Spain. The metabolic phenotypes were determined based on body mass index (BMI) categorization and the presence or absence of two or more cardiometabolic abnormalities (high blood pressure, low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, hypertriglyceridemia, pre-diabetes) or type 2 diabetes.

Glycaemic efficacy and safety of linagliptin for the management of non-cardiac surgery patients with type 2 diabetes in a real-world setting: Lina-Surg study.

The use of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in hospitalized patients is an area of active research. We aimed to compare the efficacy and the safety of the basal-bolus insulin regimen versus linagliptin-basal insulin in non-critically ill non-cardiac surgery patients in a real-world setting. We enrolled patients with type 2 diabetes hospitalized in non-cardiac surgery departments with admission glycated haemoglobin level < 8%, admission blood glucose concentration < 240 mg/dL, and no at-home injectable treatments who were treated with basal-bolus ( = 347) or linagliptin-basal ( = 190) regimens between January 2016 and December 2017.

Trends in Diabetes-Related Potentially Preventable Hospitalizations in Adult Population in Spain, 1997⁻2015: A Nation-Wide Population-Based Study.

We aimed to assess national trends in the rates of diabetes-related potentially preventable hospitalizations (overall and by preventable condition) in the total adult population of Spain. We performed a population-based study of all adult patients with diabetes who were hospitalized from 1997 to 2015. Overall potentially preventable hospitalizations and hospitalizations by diabetes-related preventable conditions (short-term complications, long-term complications, uncontrolled diabetes, and lower-extremity amputations) were examined.

Use of Linagliptin for the Management of Medicine Department Inpatients with Type 2 Diabetes in Real-World Clinical Practice (Lina-Real-World Study).

The use of noninsulin antihyperglycaemic drugs in the hospital setting has not yet been fully described. This observational study compared the efficacy and safety of the standard basal-bolus insulin regimen versus a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (linagliptin) plus basal insulin in medicine department inpatients in real-world clinical practice. We retrospectively enrolled non-critically ill patients with type 2 diabetes with mild to moderate hyperglycaemia and no injectable treatments at home who were treated with a hospital antihyperglycaemic regimen (basal-bolus insulin, or linagliptin-basal insulin) between January 2016 and December 2017.

National trends in diabetes mellitus hospitalization in Spain 1997-2010: Analysis of over 5.4 millions of admissions.

Aims: To analyze national trends in the rates of hospitalizations (all-cause and by principal discharge diagnosis) in total diabetic population of Spain.

Methods: We carried out a nation-wide population-based study of all diabetic patients hospitalized between 1997 and 2010. All-cause hospitalizations, hospitalizations by principal discharge diagnosis, mean age, Charlson Comorbidity Index, readmission rates and length of hospital stay were examined.