Personalized antibiotic selection in periodontal treatment improves clinical and microbiological outputs.

Introduction: Periodontitis is a biofilm-mediated disease that is usually treated by non-surgical biofilm elimination with or without antibiotics. Antibiotic treatment in periodontal patients is typically selected empirically or using qPCR or DNA hybridization methods. These approaches are directed towards establishing the levels of different periodontal pathogens in periodontal pockets to infer the antibiotic treatment.

Real-time monitoring of biofilm growth identifies andrographolide as a potent antifungal compound eradicating biofilms.

species cause life-threatening infections with high morbidity and mortality rates and their resistance to conventional therapy is closely linked to biofilm formation. Thus, the development of new approaches to study biofilms and the identification of novel therapeutic strategies could yield improved clinical outcomes. In the current study, we have set up an impedance-based system to study spp biofilms in real-time and to evaluate their sensitivity to two conventional antifungal groups used in clinical practice - azoles and echinocandins.

Ficin-Cyclodextrin-Based Docking Nanoarchitectonics of Self-Propelled Nanomotors for Bacterial Biofilm Eradication.

Development of bioinspired nanomotors showing effective propulsion and cargo delivery capabilities has attracted much attention in the last few years due to their potential use in biomedical applications. However, implementation of this technology in realistic settings is still a barely explored field. Herein, we report the design and application of a multifunctional gated Janus platinum-mesoporous silica nanomotor constituted of a propelling element (platinum nanodendrites) and a drug-loaded nanocontainer (mesoporous silica nanoparticle) capped with ficin enzyme modified with β-cyclodextrins (β-CD).

effect of mouthwashes on viable viral load of SARS-CoV-2 in saliva: a pilot study.

Current data on the efficacy of antiseptic mouthwashes to reduce viral load are contradictory. Firstly, data indicate very strong virucidal effects that are not replicated in clinical studies. Secondly, most clinical studies identify a limited effect, do not include a control/placebo group, or do not evaluate viral viability in an infection model.

evaluation of antibiotic sensitivity in samples from endodontic infections.

Objective: To develop an in vitro model for real-time monitoring of endodontic biofilm growth and evaluate the ex vivo effect of antibiotics on biofilm growth.

Material And Methods: Root canal samples were taken from 40 patients and inoculated into 96-well plates in a system that measures biofilm growth through electrical impedance. Biofilm bacterial composition at the genus and species level was analyzed by Illumina sequencing.

Clinical evaluation of antiseptic mouth rinses to reduce salivary load of SARS-CoV-2.

Most public health measures to contain the COVID-19 pandemic are based on preventing the pathogen spread, and the use of oral antiseptics has been proposed as a strategy to reduce transmission risk. The aim of this manuscript is to test the efficacy of mouthwashes to reduce salivary viral load in vivo. This is a multi-centre, blinded, parallel-group, placebo-controlled randomised clinical trial that tests the effect of four mouthwashes (cetylpyridinium chloride, chlorhexidine, povidone-iodine and hydrogen peroxide) in SARS-CoV-2 salivary load measured by qPCR at baseline and 30, 60 and 120 min after the mouthrinse.

Real-time monitoring of biofilm growth dynamics and persister cells' eradication.

Biofilm formation and the appearance of persister cells with low metabolic rates are key factors affecting conventional treatment failure and antibiotic resistance. Using impedance-based measurements, crystal violet staining and traditional culture we have studied the biofilm growth dynamics of 13 strains under the effect of seven conventional antibiotics. Real-time growth quantifications revealed that the exposure of established biofilms to certain concentrations of ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime and tobramycin induced the emergence of persister cells, that showed different morphology and pigmentation, as well increased antibiotic resistance.

Evaluation of Clinical, Biochemical and Microbiological Markers Related to Dental Caries.

Our aim was to evaluate clinical, biochemical and microbiological markers related to dental caries in adults. A sample that consisted of 75 volunteers was utilized. The presence of caries and the presence of plaque and gingival indices were determined.

Topic Application of the Probiotic Improves Clinical and Microbiological Parameters Associated With Oral Health.

7746, isolated from dental plaque of caries-free individuals, has been shown to have several beneficial effects which could contribute to promote oral health, including an antimicrobial activity against oral pathogens by the production of bacteriocins and a pH buffering capacity through ammonia production. Previous work has shown that was able to colonize the oral cavity for 2-4 weeks after application. The aim of the present work was to evaluate its clinical efficacy by a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel group study.

Effect of Dalbavancin on Staphylococcal Biofilms When Administered Alone or in Combination With Biofilm-Detaching Compounds.

Microorganisms grown in biofilms are more resistant to antimicrobial treatment and immune system attacks compared to their planktonic forms. In fact, infections caused by biofilm-forming and are a large threat for public health, including patients with medical devices. The aim of the current manuscript was to test the effect of dalbavancin, a recently developed lipoglycopeptide antibiotic, alone or in combination with compounds contributing to bacterial cell disaggregation, on staphylococcal biofilm formation and elimination.

A pilot study to assess oral colonization and pH buffering by the probiotic Streptococcus dentisani under different dosing regimes.

Bacterial colonization in the oral cavity is critical for efficient action of probiotics. However, limited colonization rates have been reported in many clinical trials. The aim of this pilot clinical study was to evaluate the colonization efficiency of Streptococcus dentisani under different dosing schedules and pre-treatment conditions.

In vitro beneficial effects of Streptococcus dentisani as potential oral probiotic for periodontal diseases.

Background: Periodontal diseases are of high prevalence globally and are characterized by an exacerbated inflammatory response which leads to oral tissue destruction. The use of probiotics is widely extended in the case of gastrointestinal disorders; however, their use in microbial-origin oral diseases is still preliminary.

Methods: We used quantitative polymerase chain reaction to determine the levels of the oral bacterium Streptococcus dentisani 7746 in the tongue, saliva, supragingival, and subgingival plaque.

Development of an system to study oral biofilms in real time through impedance technology: validation and potential applications.

: We have developed a standardized, easy-to-use in model to study single- and multiple-species oral biofilms in real time through impedance technology, which elucidates the kinetics of biofilm formation in 96-well plates, without the requirement for any further manipulation. Using this system, biofilms of appear to be sugar-dependent and highly resistant to amoxicilin, an antibiotic to which this oral pathogen is highly sensitive in a planktonic state. Saliva, tongue and dental plaque samples were also used as inocula to form multiple-species biofilms.

Inhibition of Oral Pathogens Adhesion to Human Gingival Fibroblasts by Wine Polyphenols Alone and in Combination with an Oral Probiotic.

Several benefits have been described for red wine polyphenols and probiotic strains in the promotion of colonic metabolism and health. On the contrary, knowledge about their role in the management of oral health is still scarce. In this work, the antiadhesive capacity of selected red wine polyphenols and oenological extracts against the oral pathogens Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Streptococcus mutans in an in vitro model of human gingival fibroblasts has been explored as well as their complementary action with the candidate oral probiotic Streptococcus dentisani.

Inhibition of biofilm formation by extracts of sp. 20J, a bacterium with wide-spectrum quorum quenching activity.

: Previous studies have suggested the quorum sensing signal AI-2 as a potential target to prevent the biofilm formation by , a pathogen involved in tooth decay. : To obtain inhibition of biofilm formation by by extracts obtained from the marine bacterium sp. 20J interfering with the AI-2 quorum sensing system.

Health-Associated Niche Inhabitants as Oral Probiotics: The Case of .

Oral diseases, including dental caries and periodontitis, are among the most prevalent diseases worldwide and develop as a consequence of a microbial dysbiosis. Several bacterial strains are being tested as potential oral health-promoting organisms, but usually they are species isolated from niches other than the site where they must exert its probiotic action, typically from fecal samples. We hypothesize that oral inhabitants associated to health conditions will be more effective than traditional, gut-associated probiotic species in key aspects such as colonization of the oral site where disease takes place or the possession of oral health promoting functions, as well as more practical issues like safety and toxicity, and establishing proper doses for administration.

Oral Biofilm Architecture at the Microbial Scale.

The application of Spectral Imaging FISH to oral biofilm samples has permitted the direct, simultaneous observation of up to nine different bacterial taxa. This has revealed a complex yet organized microbial architecture, identifying the key microorganisms in the community and detecting the existing interspecies physical interactions at the micron scale.

Predicting the Development of Tuberculosis with the Tuberculin Skin Test and QuantiFERON Testing.

Rationale: The identification of patients with latent tuberculosis infection, who are at higher risk to develop active disease, is an important component of disease control.

Objectives: We aim to compare the usefulness of the QuantiFERON-TB Gold in-tube assay and the tuberculin skin test to predict the development of active tuberculosis during follow-up, using positive and negative predictive values, positive likelihood ratios, and stratified level of risk.

Methods: The study included contacts of tuberculosis cases diagnosed between 2007 and 2009.

Human milk composition differs in healthy mothers and mothers with celiac disease.

Purpose: To investigate whether breast-milk composition and microbiota differ in healthy mothers and mothers with celiac disease (CD) to ultimately contribute to identify additional factors determining CD risk.

Methods: Breast-milk samples from healthy mothers (n = 12) and mothers with CD (n = 12) were collected. Cytokines and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) were analyzed by bead-arrays and flow cytometry and human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) were assessed by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence (CE-LIF) detection.

Immune development and intestinal microbiota in celiac disease.

Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated enteropathy, triggered by dietary wheat gluten and similar proteins of barley and rye in genetically susceptible individuals. The etiology of this disorder is complex, involving both environmental and genetic factors. The major genetic risk factor for CD is represented by HLA-DQ genes, which account for approximately 40% of the genetic risk; however, only a small percentage of carriers develop the disease.

RinA controls phage-mediated packaging and transfer of virulence genes in Gram-positive bacteria.

Phage-mediated transfer of microbial genetic elements plays a crucial role in bacterial life style and evolution. In this study, we identify the RinA family of phage-encoded proteins as activators required for transcription of the late operon in a large group of temperate staphylococcal phages. RinA binds to a tightly regulated promoter region, situated upstream of the terS gene, that controls expression of the morphogenetic and lysis modules of the phage, activating their transcription.

Staphylococcus aureus pathogenicity island DNA is packaged in particles composed of phage proteins.

Staphylococcus aureus pathogenicity islands (SaPIs) have an intimate relationship with temperate staphylococcal phages. During phage growth, SaPIs are induced to replicate and are efficiently encapsidated into special small phage heads commensurate with their size. We have analyzed by amino acid sequencing and mass spectrometry the protein composition of the specific SaPI particles.

Role of staphylococcal phage and SaPI integrase in intra- and interspecies SaPI transfer.

SaPIbov2 is a member of the SaPI family of staphylococcal pathogenicity islands and is very closely related to SaPIbov1. Typically, certain temperate phages can induce excision and replication of one or more of these islands and can package them into special small phage-like particles commensurate with their genome sizes (referred to as the excision-replication-packaging [ERP] cycle). We have studied the phage-SaPI interaction in some depth using SaPIbov2, with special reference to the role of its integrase.

CD20-negative T-cell-rich B-cell lymphoma as a progression of a nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin's lymphoma treated with rituximab: a molecular analysis using laser capture microdissection.

Rituximab is a chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody. It has shown efficacy in patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma and also in CD20-positive Hodgkin lymphoma. Recently, CD20-negative tumors have been described after Rituximab therapy.