Modification of Erroneous and Correct Digital Texts.

The end-user paradox and the illusion of digital prosperity reveal the contradictory situation in which both non-professional and professional computer scientists and engineers seem satisfied with digital development but unaware of the magnitude of waste generated by end-users and their digital artifacts. To measure this waste and to reveal end-users' problem-solving strategies, our research group set up an objective measuring system that can calculate the entropy of digital texts (EDT). To calculate EDT, a testing process of 53 participants was launched where erroneous and correct natural language digital texts were modified according to the requirements of the tasks.

The Interpretation of Graphical Information in Word Processing.

Word processing is one of the most popular digital activities. Despite its popularity, it is haunted by false assumptions, misconceptions, and ineffective and inefficient practices leading to erroneous digital text-based documents. The focus of the present paper is automated numbering and distinguishing between manual and automated numbering.

The Entropy of Digital Texts-The Mathematical Background of Correctness.

Based on Shannon's communication theory, in the present paper, we provide the theoretical background to finding an objective measurement-the text-entropy-that can describe the quality of digital natural language documents handled with word processors. The text-entropy can be calculated from the formatting, correction, and modification entropy, and based on these values, we are able to tell how correct or how erroneous digital text-based documents are. To present how the theory can be applied to real-world texts, for the present study, three erroneous MS Word documents were selected.

Antithrombotic Preventive Medication Prescription Redemption and Socioeconomic Status in Hungary in 2016: A Cross-Sectional Study.

This work was designed to investigate antithrombotic drug utilization and its link with the socioeconomic characteristics of specific population groups in Hungary by a comparative analysis of data for prescriptions by general practitioners and the redeemed prescriptions for antithrombotic drugs. Risk analysis capabilities were applied to estimate the relationships between socioeconomic status, which was characterized by quintiles of a multidimensional composite indicator (deprivation index), and mortality due to thromboembolic diseases as well as antithrombotic medications for the year 2016 at the district level in Hungary. According to our findings, although deprivation is a significant determinant of mortality due to thromboembolic diseases, clusters can be identified that represent exemptions to this rule: an eastern part of Hungary, consisting of two highly deprived counties, had significantly lower mortality than the country average; by contrast, the least-deprived northwestern part of the country, consisting of five counties, had significantly higher mortality than the country average.