School readiness profiles: Does the quality of preschool education matter?

Studies evaluating school readiness profiles and quality of early education are scarce and have produced inconsistent results. This study aimed to identify school readiness profiles, correlating them with the quality of education, in an epidemiological sample of 722 children (4 and 5 years old; 48.9% female).

Brazilian research consortium on obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders guidelines for the treatment of adult obsessive-compulsive disorder. Part II: Cognitive-Behavior Therapy treatment.

Objective: To summarize the evidence-based cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) treatment and propose clinical interventions for adult patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).

Methods: A systematic review of the literature on CBT interventions for the treatment of adult OCD, comprising behavior therapy and exposure and response prevention (ERP) was done. The objective of this study is to present updated clinical guidelines to clinicians, providing comprehensive details regarding the necessary procedures to be incorporated into the CBT protocol.

Prevalence and psychopathology features of mental rituals in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder: A descriptive exploratory study of 1001 patients.

Introduction: Mental rituals (MR) are compulsions with no overt behavioural or motoric signs. It is presently unclear whether MR found in obsessive-compulsive disorder are associated with a distinctive clinical profile.

Objectives: The main objectives of this paper were to assess the prevalence and psychopathological correlates of mental rituals in a large sample of OCD patients.

The genetic epidemiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The first systematic review and meta-analysis of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) genetic epidemiology was published approximately 20 years ago. Considering the relevance of all the studies published since 2001, the current study aimed to update the state-of-art knowledge on the field. All published data concerning the genetic epidemiology of OCD from the CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, BVS, and OpenGrey databases were searched by two independent researchers until September 30, 2021.

Latency to treatment seeking in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder: Results from a large multicenter clinical sample.

This study aimed to identify the factors associated with a delay in treatment-seeking among patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), a disabling neuropsychiatric disorder. To achieve this purpose, we conducted a cross-sectional study examining latency to treatment (LTT) and its associated correlates in 863 patients with OCD. We defined LTT as the time lag between the awareness of discomfort and/or impairment caused by symptoms and the beginning of OCD-specific treatment.

How do daily routines and situational factors affect the severity of obsessive-compulsive disorder?

Background: Daily routine and situations may worsen, stabilise, or improve symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). We investigated which factors OCD patients perceived to be related to the worsening of their OCD symptoms and their relationship to patients' OCD symptom severity.

Methods: Seven-hundred and forty-two OCD patients completed the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale as a measure of OCD symptom severity and the Yale OCD Natural History Questionnaire assessing perception of impact of environmental and routine factors on symptoms.

Association Between Obsessive-Compulsive Symptom Dimensions in Mothers and Psychopathology in Their Children.

The non-clinical presentation of obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) in women may impact not only their daily lives and well-being but also increase the risk for emotional and behavioral problems in their children. This study aims to investigate the OCS dimension distribution in a large sample of mothers from a cohort of school age children and the association between these OCS dimensions with their own psychopathology, and with the presence of OCS and other psychopathology in their children. Our final sample consisted of 2,511 mother-children dyads recruited from the elementary schools of two large cities.

Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms, Polygenic Risk Score, and Thalamic Development in Children From the Brazilian High-Risk Cohort for Mental Conditions (BHRCS).

Thalamic volume measures have been linked to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in children and adolescents. However, it is unclear if alterations in thalamic volumes occur before or after symptom onset and if there is a relation to the presence of sub-clinical obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS). Here, we explore the relationship between OCS and the rate of thalamic volume change in a cohort of children and youth at high risk to develop a mental disorder.

Towards a definitive symptom structure of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a factor and network analysis of 87 distinct symptoms in 1366 individuals.

Background: The symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are highly heterogeneous and it is unclear what is the optimal way to conceptualize this heterogeneity. This study aimed to establish a comprehensive symptom structure model of OCD across the lifespan using factor and network analytic techniques.

Methods: A large multinational cohort of well-characterized children, adolescents, and adults diagnosed with OCD ( = 1366) participated in the study.

Stressful Life Events and the Clinical Expression of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD): An Exploratory Study.

Background: In obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), symptom content and severity appear to fluctuate over the course of the life cycle in accordance with stressful life events. The objective of this paper was to compare OCD patients with and without reported stressful life events (SLEs) in terms of the sociodemographics of patients and the clinical characteristics of OCD.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving 1001 patients with OCD.

Pathways to a more peaceful and sustainable world: The transformative power of children in families.

This article provides an overview of selected ongoing international efforts that have been inspired by Edward Zigler's vision to improve programs and policies for young children and families in the United States. The efforts presented are in close alignment with three strategies articulated by Edward Zigler: (a) conduct research that will inform policy advocacy; (b) design, implement, and revise quality early childhood development (ECD) programs; and (c) invest in building the next generation of scholars and advocates in child development. The intergenerational legacy left by Edward Zigler has had an impact on young children not only in the United States, but also across the globe.

Is it time to change the gold standard of obsessive-compulsive disorder severity assessment? Factor structure of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale.

Objectives: The Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale has been considered the gold standard scale to assess obsessive-compulsive disorder severity. Previous studies using exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis with this scale showed mixed findings in terms of factor structure and fit of models. Therefore, we used confirmatory factor analysis to compare different Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale models in a large sample aiming to identify the best model fit.

Child and adolescent psychiatry training in Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay and Chile: current panorama and future challenges.

Mental disorders affect approximately 10-15% of children and adolescents worldwide. In South America these numbers are probably higher due to poverty and adverse life events that frequently affect this region. The availability of qualified services and well-trained professionals to care for those children are by far insufficient.

Suggestive diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in indigenous children and adolescents from the Brazilian Amazon.

The prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms has been scarcely studied in indigenous cultures that preserve ancestral cultural characteristics. The objective of the study is to estimate the prevalence of suggestive diagnosis of ADHD among indigenous children and adolescents from villages in the Amazon. This is an analytical cross-sectional study using instruments to track ADHD symptoms (the Child Behaviour Checklist for ages 6-18: CBCL/6-18 and the teacher report form for ages 6-18: TRF/6-18) and to investigate their negative impact on the patients (using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire-SDQ).

Treatments used for obsessive-compulsive disorder-An international perspective.

Objective: The objective of this study was to characterise international trends in the use of psychotropic medication, psychological therapies, and novel therapies used to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).

Methods: Researchers in the field of OCD were invited to contribute summary statistics on the characteristics of their samples. Consistency of summary statistics across countries was evaluated.

Clinical predictors of quality of life in a large sample of adult obsessive-compulsive disorder outpatients.

Background: OCD causes impairment in different areas of the patients' quality of life (QoL), such as sociability, family relationships, and occupational performance. The literature has emphasized the relevance of assessing QoL as a critical outcome in mental health studies.

Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate sociodemographic and clinical predictors of QoL, including treatment response, in a large sample of OCD subjects.

Dual diagnosis of obsessive compulsive and compulsive buying disorders: Demographic, clinical, and psychiatric correlates.

Aim: The present research assessed the rates as well as the demographic, clinical, and psychiatric correlates associated with comorbid obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and compulsive buying disorder (CBD).

Method: Participants were drawn from a large (N = 993) multi-center study of people seeking treatment for their OCD. The diagnoses of psychiatric disorders were made using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM by registered psychologists and psychiatrists.

Disentangling the mental health impact of childhood abuse and neglect: A replication and extension study in a Brazilian sample of high-risk youth.

Childhood maltreatment is a key predictor of mental health problems across the life span. Yet, how maltreatment types independently and jointly influence the risk for psychiatric problems remains unclear. The aim of the study was two-fold: first, to replicate recent findings regarding the impact of maltreatment types on youth psychiatric symptoms, based on a Brazilian sample of high-risk adolescents (n = 347; age range = 11-17 yrs), and second, to extend existing findings by examining whether this relationship is mediated by bullying victimization and/or perpetration.

Quantifying dimensional severity of obsessive-compulsive disorder for neurobiological research.

Current research to explore genetic susceptibility factors in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has resulted in the tentative identification of a small number of genes. However, findings have not been readily replicated. It is now broadly accepted that a major limitation to this work is the heterogeneous nature of this disorder, and that an approach incorporating OCD symptom dimensions in a quantitative manner may be more successful in identifying both common as well as dimension-specific vulnerability genetic factors.

Quality of Life in Caregivers of ADHD Children and Diabetes Patients.

Introduction: Studies have shown that the presence of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) causes great impairment in academic, social, and professional activities as well as in the quality of life (QoL) of its patients. Similarly, the impact caused by other chronic disorders, such as diabetes, in the patient's QoL has been emphasized in many studies. Despite its relevance, no study has yet investigated whether ADHD caregivers and diabetic patients would have similar QoL impairment.

Standards of care for obsessive-compulsive disorder centres.

In recent years, many assessment and care units for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) have been set up in order to detect, diagnose and to properly manage this complex disorder, but there is no consensus regarding the key functions that these units should perform. The International College of Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders (ICOCS) together with the Obsessive Compulsive and Related Disorders Network (OCRN) of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology (ECNP) and the Anxiety and Obsessive Compulsive Disorders Section of the World Psychiaric Association (WPA) has developed a standards of care programme for OCD centres. The goals of this collaborative initiative are promoting basic standards, improving the quality of clinical care and enhance the validity and reliability of research results provided by different facilities and countries.