A follow-up ¹⁸F-FDG brain PET study in a case of Hashimoto's encephalopathy causing drug-resistant status epilepticus treated with plasmapheresis.

Hashimoto's encephalopathy (HE) is a rare neuropsychiatric syndrome associated with antithyroid antibodies. It may have an acute onset (episodes of cerebral ischemia, seizure, and psychosis) or it may present as an indolent form (depression, cognitive decline, myoclonus, tremors, and fluctuations in level of consciousness). We here describe a case of encephalopathy presenting as non-convulsive status epilepticus associated with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), unresponsive to corticosteroid therapy, with improvement after plasma exchange treatment.

Evidence for cortical functional changes in patients with migraine and white matter abnormalities on conventional and diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging.

Background: In this study, we used functional MRI (fMRI) to investigate the pattern of cortical activations after a simple motor task in patients with migraine and white matter (WM) abnormalities on conventional MRI scans of the brain. We also investigated whether the extent of brain activations was correlated with WM structural pathology measured using diffusion tensor (DT) MRI.

Methods: From 15 right-handed patients with migraine and 15 sex- and age-matched, right-handed healthy volunteers, we obtained the following: (1) fMRI (repetitive flexion-extension of the last 4 fingers of the right hand), (2) dual-echo turbo spin echo scans, and (3) pulsed-gradient spin-echo echo-planar sequence to calculate DT-MRI maps.

A diffusion tensor MRI study of basal ganglia from patients with ADEM.

Using diffusion tensor (DT) MRI and histogram analysis, we measured mean diffusivity ((-)D) of basal ganglia grey matter (GM) from eight patients with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), 10 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), and 10 healthy controls. Patients with ADEM had higher average (-)D (p=0.02) and lower (-)D histogram peak height (p=0.

A preliminary study of magnetization transfer and diffusion tensor MRI of multiple sclerosis patients with fatigue.

To investigate whether multiple sclerosis (MS) tissue damage is associated with the presence and severity of fatigue, we obtained magnetization transfer (MT) and diffusion tensor (DT) magnetic resonance imaging from 28 patients with MS (14 with and 14 without fatigue). MT ratio and mean diffusivity did not differ between fatigued and non-fatigued MS patients. No correlation was found between Fatigue Severity Scale scores and any of the MT and DT MRI-derived quantities.

Frequency and patterns of subclinical cognitive impairment in patients with ANCA-associated small vessel vasculitides.

We investigated the prevalence of disease-related cognitive impairment in patients with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)-associated small vessel vasculitides (SVV). We studied 43 patients with ANCA-associated SVV (Wegener's granulomatosis (WG), Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS) and microscopic polyangiitis (MP)), with no evidence of focal neurological deficits and dementia and in whom other potential causes of cognitive decline were carefully excluded. All patients underwent a detailed neuropsychological evaluation and their performances were compared with those of matched healthy controls.