Biomarkers Related to Endothelial Dysfunction and Vascular Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review.

Introduction: The damage in the endothelium and the neurovascular unit appears to play a key role in the pathogenesis of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). Although there have been many advances in understanding the physiopathology of this disease, several questions remain unanswered. The association with other degenerative diseases and the heterogeneity of its clinical spectrum establish a diagnostic problem, compromising a better comprehension of the pathology and halting the development of effective treatments.

Renal tubular dysfunction in patients with primary Sjögren syndrome.

Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is an important cause of renal tubular dysfunction in adults, mainly due to acquired type 1 distal renal tubular acidosis (RTA 1) and concentration defects (CD). This cross-sectional study evaluated renal tubular function of patients with pSS, by detecting proximal tubular injury (through measurements of urinary β2 microglobulin and albumin), RTA 1 (through an acidification protocol using furosemide and fludrocortisone), and CD (through water deprivation test, WDT). A total of 25 patients with pSS were evaluated and despite a preserved renal function (eGFR 92.