Most dialysis patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) lack access to palliative care services. According to the data of the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Study (DOPPS), Italy when compared to other countries included in the study, had the lowest rates of dialysis discontinuation. Indeed, there is a growing interest in the implementation of international and national programs for the co-management between nephrology and palliative care in end-of-life decision-making for patients with ESKD.
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