Metastasis of breast cancer to the thyroid gland.

Metastases to the thyroid gland from nonthyroidal malignant tumors are rare but significant. They are often asymptomatic, indicating advanced-stage primary tumors and poor prognosis. Although infrequently, breast cancer (BC) can metastasize to the thyroid gland.

Estimation of diffusion coefficients during carrots cooking in arsenious solution at different temperatures.

This study is based on an investigation of the transport phenomenon, specifically the quantification of arsenic diffusion in carrots within a temperature range of 89 °C-99 °C using a thin plate model. Studying the diffusion of arsenic in carrots is important due to its toxicity, as it can concentrate during cooking. The World Health Organization considers arsenic as one of the ten chemical substances of public health concern.

Hypercalcemic crisis as a presentation of primary hyperparathyroidism.

Hyperparathyroidism-induced hypercalcemic crisis (HIHC) is an unusual state of marked progressive primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). Patients have severe hypercalcemia and may have severe symptoms such as kidney failure, acute pancreatitis, and mental changes. PHPT is due to the presence of a single gland adenoma/ disease in 80 to 85%; parathyroid carcinoma is reported in <1%.

Breaking the clean room barrier: exploring low-cost alternatives for microfluidic devices.

Microfluidics is an interdisciplinary field that encompasses both science and engineering, which aims to design and fabricate devices capable of manipulating extremely low volumes of fluids on a microscale level. The central objective of microfluidics is to provide high precision and accuracy while using minimal reagents and equipment. The benefits of this approach include greater control over experimental conditions, faster analysis, and improved experimental reproducibility.

Design and rationale of behavioral nudges for diabetes prevention (BEGIN): A pragmatic, cluster randomized trial of text messaging and a decision aid intervention for primary care patients with prediabetes.

Background: Among 96 million U.S. adults with prediabetes, adoption of evidence-based treatment to prevent diabetes remains low.

Development of a novel clinical decision support tool for diabetes prevention and feasibility of its implementation in primary care.

Prediabetes impacts 88 million U.S. adults, yet uptake of evidence-based treatment with intensive lifestyle interventions and metformin remains exceedingly low.

Limited progress in nutrient pollution in the U.S. caused by spatially persistent nutrient sources.

Human agriculture, wastewater, and use of fossil fuels have saturated ecosystems with nitrogen and phosphorus, threatening biodiversity and human water security at a global scale. Despite efforts to reduce nutrient pollution, carbon and nutrient concentrations have increased or remained high in many regions. Here, we applied a new ecohydrological framework to ~12,000 water samples collected by the U.

Citizen science reveals unexpected solute patterns in semiarid river networks.

Human modification of water and nutrient flows has resulted in widespread degradation of aquatic ecosystems. The resulting global water crisis causes millions of deaths and trillions of USD in economic damages annually. Semiarid regions have been disproportionately affected because of high relative water demand and pollution.

Development and Evaluation of a Prediabetes Decision Aid in Primary Care: Examining Patient-Reported Outcomes by Language Preference and Educational Attainment.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the development and preliminary effectiveness of a novel Prediabetes Decision Aid on adoption of intensive lifestyle interventions (ILIs) and metformin. Little research has focused on increasing uptake of these evidence-based treatments, especially among non-English speakers and those with low educational attainment.

Methods: Investigators developed an English and Spanish decision aid displaying information about type 2 diabetes (T2DM) risk and treatments to prevent T2DM and prompting patients to identify next steps for management.

Patient Perceptions About Prediabetes and Preferences for Diabetes Prevention.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore how adults with prediabetes perceive their risk of developing diabetes and examine their preferences for evidence-based treatment options to prevent diabetes.

Methods: A qualitative study was conducted in 2 large Midwest primary care practices, involving in-depth semistructured interviews with 35 adult patients with prediabetes.

Results: This ethnically diverse (77% nonwhite) sample of middle-aged primary care patients exhibited multiple diabetes risk factors.

Detecting Dysglycemia Using the 2015 United States Preventive Services Task Force Screening Criteria: A Cohort Analysis of Community Health Center Patients.

Background: In 2015, the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommended targeted screening for prediabetes and diabetes (dysglycemia) in adults who are aged 40 to 70 y old and overweight or obese. Given increasing prevalence of dysglycemia at younger ages and lower body weight, particularly among racial/ethnic minorities, we sought to determine whether the current screening criteria may fail to identify some high-risk population subgroups.

Methods And Findings: We investigated the performance of the 2015 USPSTF screening recommendation in detecting dysglycemia among US community health center patients.

Design of a comparative effectiveness evaluation of a culturally tailored versus standard community-based smoking cessation treatment program for LGBT smokers.

Background: Smoking prevalence rates among the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) population are significantly higher than the general population. However, there is limited research on smoking cessation treatments in this group, particularly on culturally targeted interventions. Moreover, there are few interventions that address culturally specific psychosocial variables (e.

Magnetic resonance perfusion imaging in proliferative cerebral angiopathy.

Cerebral proliferative angiopathy (CPA) is an unusual type of vascular malformation with unique clinical and imaging characteristics that distinguish it from the classic arteriovenous malformations. The features of CPA include absence of dominant arterial feeders or flow-related aneurysms, capillary angioectasia without large draining veins, and presence of intermingled normal brain parenchyma that is hypoperfused. We describe the magnetic resonance imaging findings including perfusion in 3 patients with CPA.

Magnetic resonance imaging in Hirayama disease.

Hirayama disease (HD) is a rare type of cervical myelopathy related to flexion of the neck characterized by progressive muscular weakness and atrophy of the distal upper limbs most frequently seen in young males. HD is thought to be secondary to an abnormal anterior displacement of the posterior dura with secondary compression of the lower cervical spinal cord and chronic injury to the anterior gray matter horns. We present two patients with HD and discuss its pathophysiology and imaging characteristics.

Jurors' perceptions of juvenile defendants: the influence of intellectual disability, abuse history, and confession evidence.

Understanding jurors' perceptions of juvenile defendants has become increasingly important as more and more juvenile cases are being tried in adult criminal court rather than family or juvenile court. Intellectual disability and child maltreatment are overrepresented among juvenile delinquents, and juveniles (particularly disabled juveniles) are at heightened risk for falsely confessing to crimes. In two mock trial experiments, we examined the effects of disability, abuse history, and confession evidence on jurors' perceptions of a juvenile defendant across several different crime scenarios.

Critical behavior of a dynamic analog to the q=3 Potts model.

We construct a dynamical analog to the q=3 Potts model, using linear chaotic maps and a diffusive coupling. We find well-defined order-disorder phase transitions (PTs) in the system, and obtain the phase diagrams for both simultaneous and sequential updating of the model. For simultaneous updating we find continuous PTs whose critical exponents are consistent with those of the equilibrium Potts model.