Serum markers of microbial translocation and intestinal damage in assessment of gastrointestinal tract involvement in systemic sclerosis.

Gastrointestinal (GI) tract involvement affects up to 90% of Systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients. The presence of GI symptoms is assessed by the University of California, Los Angeles, and Scleroderma Clinical Trials Consortium Gastrointestinal Scale (UCLA SCTC GIT 2.0).

Current Trends in Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns in Bacterial Pathogens among Adult and Pediatric Patients in the Intensive Care Unit in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Kolkata, India.

Nosocomial infections by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria are among the main causes of morbidity and death in patients hospitalized in intensive care units (ICUs) worldwide. Antibiotic resistance has become a major concern for treating the patients with nosocomial infections. The aim of this study was to describe the antibiotic resistance patterns of pathogens causing infections in adult and pediatric patients in the ICUs of a tertiary care hospital in Kolkata, India.

High Activity of N-Acetylcysteine in Combination with Beta-Lactams against Carbapenem-Resistant and .

Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the in vitro activity of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), alone or in combination with beta-lactams, against carbapenem-resistant (CR-Kp) and (CR-Ab).

Methods: The antibacterial activity of each compound was tested by broth microdilution and the synergism was evaluated by the checkerboard method. Killing studies of NAC alone and in combination with beta-lactams were performed.

Challenges in the Microbiological Diagnosis of Implant-Associated Infections: A Summary of the Current Knowledge.

Implant-associated infections are characterized by microbial biofilm formation on implant surface, which renders the microbiological diagnosis challenging and requires, in the majority of cases, a complete device removal along with a prolonged antimicrobial therapy. Traditional cultures have shown unsatisfactory sensitivity and a significant advance in the field has been represented by both the application of the sonication technique for the detachment of live bacteria from biofilm and the implementation of metabolic and molecular assays. However, despite the recent progresses in the microbiological diagnosis have considerably reduced the rate of culture-negative infections, still their reported incidence is not negligible.

Role of Serum E-Selectin as a Biomarker of Infection Severity in Coronavirus Disease 2019.

Introduction: E-selectin is a recognized marker of endothelial activation; however, its place in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has not been fully explored. Aims of the study are to compare sE-selectin values among the Intensive Care Unit (ICU)-admitted and non-admitted, survived and non-survived patients and those with or without thrombosis.

Methods: A single-center study of patients with COVID-19 hospitalized at Policlinico Umberto I (Rome) from March to May 2020 was performed.

Persistent Systemic Microbial Translocation and Intestinal Damage During Coronavirus Disease-19.

Microbial translocation (MT) and intestinal damage (ID) are poorly explored in COVID-19. Aims were to assess whether alteration of gut permeability and cell integrity characterize COVID-19 patients, whether it is more pronounced in severe infections and whether it influences the development of subsequent bloodstream infection (BSI). Furthermore, we looked at the potential predictive role of TM and ID markers on Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission and in-hospital mortality.

Cefiderocol for compassionate use in the treatment of complicated infections caused by extensively and pan-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii.

Objective: This study presents real-life experience with cefiderocol used on a compassionate basis for treatment of three patients with severe infections caused by extensively/pan-drug resistant (XDR/PDR) Acinetobacter baumannii (Ab).

Methods: Serum bactericidal activity was determined and considered as a surrogate of cefiderocol susceptibility.

Results: Clinical improvement and microbiological eradication of A.

Secondary Antibiotic Resistance, Correlation between Genotypic and Phenotypic Methods and Treatment in Infected Patients: A Retrospective Study.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the secondary resistance in infected patients who had failed a first-line therapy, and to compare the genotypic tests performed directly on gastric samples with phenotypic tests performed on culture media. The eradication rate of patients treated with bismuth quadruple therapy (BQT) is also evaluated. A total of 80 positive specimens were retrospectively examined.

Nox2 activation in Covid-19.

Nox2 is responsible for artery dysfunction via production of reactive oxidant species. RNA viruses may activate Nox2, but it is unknown if this occurs in coronavirus 2019(Covid-19). Nox2 activation by soluble Nox2-derived peptide(sNox2-dp) was measured in patients hospitalized for Covid-19 (n = 182) and controls (n = 91).

Antimicrobial Essential Oil Formulation: Chitosan Coated Nanoemulsions for Nose to Brain Delivery.

Brain infections as meningitis and encephalitis are attracting a great interest. Challenges in the treatment of these diseases are mainly represented by the blood brain barrier (BBB) that impairs the efficient delivery of even very potent drugs to reach the brain. The nose to the brain administration route, is a non-invasive alternative for a quick onset of action, and enables the transport of numerous medicinal agents straight to the brain thus workarounding the BBB through the highly vascularized olfactory region.

Antibacterial Effectiveness of Fecal Water and in Activity of a Multi-Strain Probiotic Formulation against Multi-Drug Resistant Microorganisms.

Intestinal colonization with multi-drug resistant (MDR) microorganisms is a consequence of antimicrobial-induced gut dysbiosis. Given the effect of probiotics in modulating gut microbiota, the aim of the study was to investigate whether the ingestion of high concentration multi-strain probiotic formulation would change the antibacterial activity of the feces against clinical strains of MDR microorganisms. The corresponding in vitro antibacterial activity was also investigated.

Persistent Systemic Microbial Translocation, Inflammation, and Intestinal Damage During Infection.

Background: infection (CDI) might be complicated by the development of nosocomial bloodstream infection (n-BSI). Based on the hypothesis that alteration of the normal gut integrity is present during CDI, we evaluated markers of microbial translocation, inflammation, and intestinal damage in patients with CDI.

Methods: Patients with documented CDI were enrolled in the study.