WITHDRAWN: Dual targeting of mitochondrial Lon peptidase 1 and chymotrypsin-like protease by small molecule BT317, as potential therapeutics in malignant astrocytomas.

The authors have withdrawn their manuscript owing to massive revision and data validation. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as reference for the project. If you have any questions, please contact the corresponding author.

Stability Determination of Intact Humanin-G with Characterizations of Oxidation and Dimerization Patterns.

Humanin is the first identified mitochondrial-derived peptide. Humanin-G (HNG) is a variant of Humanin that has significantly higher cytoprotective properties. Here, we describe the stability features of HNG in different conditions and characterize HNG degradation, oxidation, and dimerization patterns over short-term and long-term periods.

Vitreal Concentrations of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Patients with Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the vitreous humor of patients with primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). This is a prospective case control study. Eighteen patients with primary RRD without proliferative vitreoretinopathy C (PVR C) were enrolled as cases, and twenty-two non-diabetic retinopathy patients who were candidates for complete pars plana vitrectomy due to Macular Hole or Epiretinal Membrane were included as the control group.

Altered Retrograde Signaling Patterns in Breast Cancer Cells Cybrids with H and J Mitochondrial DNA Haplogroups.

The aim of this study was to determine the role of retrograde signaling (mitochondria to nucleus) in MCF7 breast cancer cells. Therefore, in the present study, MCF7-H and MCF7-J cybrids were produced using the mitochondria from the same H and J individuals that were already used in our non-diseased retinal pigment epithelium (ARPE19) cybrids. MCF7 cybrids were treated with cisplatin and analyzed for cell viability, mitochondrial membrane potential, ROS, and expression levels of genes associated with the cGAS-STING and cancer-related pathways.

Prognostic significance of PD-1/PD-L1 expression in uveal melanoma: correlation with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and clinicopathological parameters.

Background: To understand how to improve the effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors in uveal melanoma (UM), we need a better understanding of the expression of PD-1 and PD-L1, their relation with the presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), and their prognostic relevance in UM patients.

Materials And Methods: Expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 was assessed in 71 UM tissue samples by immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and further validated by western blotting. The effect of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) on PD-1/PD-L1 expression was determined on four UM cell lines.

Role of Resveratrol in Transmitochondrial AMD RPE Cells.

Resveratrol is a phytoalexin, stilbenoid compound with antioxidant properties attributable to its bioactive -resveratrol content. This study characterized the effects of over-the-counter (OTC) resveratrol nutritional supplements and a HPLC-purified resveratrol formulation, in human transmitochondrial age-related macular degeneration (AMD) retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) patient cell lines. These cell lines, which were created by fusing blood platelets obtained from dry and wet AMD patients with mitochondria-deficient (Rho0) ARPE-19 cells, had identical nuclei (derived from ARPE-19 cells) but different mitochondria that were derived from AMD patients.

Further understanding of epigenetic dysfunction of the retinal pigment epithelium in AMD.

Introduction: Modulation of epigenetic mechanisms that contribute to retinal development may render the eye susceptible to age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Progression of AMD involves alterations of epigenome such as CpG methylation and histone modifications, and study of the epigenetic regulation of molecular/ cellular pathways associated with AMD might identify target epigenetic markers for treatment of AMD.

Areas Covered: In this review, we provide an overview of the influence of epigenetic factors on signaling pathways/ related genes associated with AMD, mainly hypoxia, angiogenesis, inflammation, complement, and oxidative stress; and discuss the critical role of microRNAs in AMD.

Protective Effects of Memantine on Hydroquinone-Treated Human Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells and Human Retinal Müller Cells.

Purpose: Memantine (MEM) acts on the glutamatergic system by blocking N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptors. The role that MEM plays in protecting retinal cells is unknown. Hydroquinone (HQ) is one of the cytotoxic components in cigarette smoke.

Effects of dexamethasone on human trabecular meshwork cells in vitro.

Purpose: To study the effects of dexamethasone sodium phosphate (Dex) on human trabecular meshwork (HTM) cells in vitro.

Methods: HTM cells were treated with Dex 2 mg/ml, 1 mg/ml, 0.5 mg/ml, 0.

In vitro evidence for mycophenolic acid dose-related cytotoxicity in human retinal cells.

Purpose: Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is an immunosuppressive agent that controls noninfectious uveitis. Intravitreal MPA delivery may be a potential adjuvant therapy in patients who have to discontinue steroid or immunosuppressive systemic therapy because of side effects. The aims of this study are to evaluate the in vitro effects of MPA over human retinal pigment epithelium (ARPE-19) and human Muller cells (MIO M-1).

The effects of commercially available preservative-free FDA-approved triamcinolone (Triesence®) on retinal cells in culture.

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of Triesence® (TRI), a new preservative-free triamcinolone approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for intraocular use, on human retina pigment epithelial (ARPE-19) and rat neurosensory (R28) cells in culture.