Oxidative Stress and Gut-Derived Lipopolysaccharides in Neurodegenerative Disease: Role of NOX2.

Background: Neurodegenerative diseases (ND) as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis represent a growing cause of disability in the developed countries. The underlying physiopathology is still unclear. Several lines of evidence suggest a role for oxidative stress and NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) in the neuropathological pathways that lead to ND.

Effects of cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation on attentional processing of the stimulus: Evidence from an event-related potentials study.

Attentional processing consists of a set of processes that manage the flow of information through the nervous system and appropriately allocate attentional resources to relevant stimuli. Specific networks in the frontal and parietal regions appear to be involved in attention. The cerebellum has been identified as a subcortical structure that interacts with cortical brain areas, thereby controlling attentional processes.

Selective attentional deficit in essential tremor: Evidence from the attention network test.

Introduction: The traditional view of essential tremor (ET) as a monosymptomatic and benign disorder has been reconsidered after patients with ET have been shown to experience cognitive deficits that are also related to attention. The Attention Network Test (ANT) is a rapid, widely used test to measure the efficiency of three attentional networks, i.e.

The Role of the Right Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Phasic Alertness: Evidence from a Contingent Negative Variation and Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Study.

Phasic alertness represents the ability to increase response readiness to a target following an external warning stimulus. Specific networks in the frontal and parietal regions appear to be involved in the alert state. In this study, we examined the role of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) during the attentional processing of a stimulus using a cued double-choice reaction time task.

Insights from ERPs into attention during recovery after cerebellar stroke: a case report.

The role of the cerebellum in cognitive performance and attentional processes is a focus of research in recent years. We investigated the P300 component in a patient with a left posterior cerebellar ischemic stroke during both the acute phase and over 4 weeks of follow-up. After stroke, auditory event-related potentials showed a reduction in P3 amplitude, which appears to improve instead after 4 weeks of follow-up.

Phasic alertness in a cued double-choice reaction time task: a Contingent Negative Variation (CNV) study.

A phasic change in alertness is produced every time that a warning stimulus precedes a target, and it enhances and maintains the response readiness to an impending stimulus. In the present study, we investigated the Contingent Negative Variation (CNV) phenomenon, as index of phasic alertness, during a S1-S2 paradigm in which the imperative stimulus was represented by a double-choice reaction time task, designed to increase the executive requests at S2. Subjects performed the task at three consecutive time points in order to explore the CNV activity over time.

A randomized controlled study of effects of dietary magnesium oxide supplementation on bone mineral content in healthy girls.

Context: The role of magnesium (Mg) as a determinant of bone mass has not been extensively explored. Limited studies suggest that dietary Mg intake and bone mineral density are correlated in adults, but no data from interventional studies in children and adolescents are available.

Objective: We sought to determine whether Mg supplementation in periadolescent girls enhances accrual of bone mass.

Nutritional rickets with normal circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D: a call for reexamining the role of dietary calcium intake in North American infants.

The incidence of nutritional rickets appears to be increasing in North American infants and toddlers; it is widely assumed that this is due to vitamin D deficiency. Thus, records of 43 children with nutritional rickets from greater New Haven, Connecticut, from 1986-2002 were identified. The mean age of presentation was 20 months; 86% were of African-American, Hispanic, or Middle Eastern descent.

Analysis of continuous glucose monitoring data from non-diabetic and diabetic children: a tale of two algorithms.

Use of the Medtronic MiniMed Continuous Glucose Monitoring System (CGMS) in non-diabetic children has revealed many low and high sensor glucose (SG) values, suggesting that the original analytical algorithm (Solutions 2.0) might be overreading glycemic excursions. A revised algorithm (Solutions 3.