[Adaptation of surgery practice during the Covid-19 pandemic. Ureteroscopy in outpatient surgery.].

Objective: The World Health Organizationdeclared a pandemic status due to the COVID-19 disease caused by the new coronavirus SARS-Cov-2 in March 2020. This caused high health pressure that hashad an impact on the Spanish National Health System and Granada has been one of the most affected provincesnationwide. The high healthcare pressure derived from it has had an impact on the National Health System throughout the Spanish territory, with Granada beingone of the most affected provinces nation wide.

Three pelvic fused kidneys.

Pelvic renal ectopia is a rare anatomical abnormality that can present in different forms andlocations (1)...

[Etiopathogenic factors of the different types of urinary litiasis.].

In this review, we analyze the etiopathogenic principles of urinary lithiasis formation. In the kidney, calcifications that may cause renal lithiasis are produced as a consequence of processes that injury the urothelium at the papilla and Bellini's ducts. With the improvement of imaging techniques, mainly micro CT scan, it is possible to detect them and we may be able to anticipate to the formation of lithiasis.

Laparoscopic surgery in great adrenal malignant masses.

Objective: The aim of this article is to describe the surgical technique of laparoscopic resection in malignant tumors greater than 10 cm.

Methods: We present two cases, a 63 year old woman with a left adrenal heterogeneous mass of 11 cm in maximum diameter and an 80 year old man with a left adrenal heterogeneous mass 13 cm in maximum diameter. In both cases excision was performed laparoscopically using 4 trocars and the Alexis® wound retractor for specimen extraction.

Prospective non-randomized study on the use of antibiotic prophylaxis with ciprofloxacin in flexible urethrocystoscopy.

Objective: The goal of this study is to analyze whether there is a need for antibiotic prophylaxis in this outpatient procedure.

Methods: Prospective observational non-randomized study including 100 patients divided into two groups: - Group 1: 48 patients receiving 500 mg of ciprofloxacin prophylaxis 1 hour before urethrocystoscopy; - Group 2: 52 patients without antibiotic prophylaxis. Before inclusion of the patients in the study, we checked the absence of urinary tract infection by means of a urinalysis obtained 3 days before the procedure.

Lithogenic factors in postmenopausal women with osteoporotic fracture.

Background: The aim of this study was to show the presence of phosphorus and calcium metabolism disorders and the presence of urine lithogenic factors in women with osteoporotic fracture without previous urinary lithiasis.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study including 55 women with osteoporotic fracture surgically treated in the Trauma Department. We included women with osteoporotic fracture demonstrated by the fracture area, fracture mechanism and the presence of osteoporosis by bone densitometry.

Outpatient holmium laser treatment for recurrent low-grade superficial bladder cancer under local anesthesia.

Background: The aim of this paper is to analyze the results of a prospective study conducted on a cohort of patients undergoing outpatient holmium laser fulguration. The "gold standard" treatment of superficial bladder cancer is transurethral resection, although in recent years improvements in laser technology and endoscopy equipment have allowed further therapeutic alternatives.

Methods: This is a descriptive study of a cohort of 37 patients with low-risk recurrent superficial bladder cancer undergoing holmium laser fulguration after bladder instillation of local anesthesia.