Inflammatory Arthritis in a 19-month-old with Von Hippel-Lindau Disease.

Von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL) is a rare autosomal dominant disease characterized by progressive development of cysts and tumors. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder and the most common arthritis in children. Although the mechanism of pathogenesis is not fully understood, JIA is thought to be a polygenic, autoimmune-mediated disease.

A case of ANCA-associated vasculitis in a 16-year-old female following SARS-COV-2 infection and a systematic review of the literature.

Background: Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) is a rare form of vasculitis in children. SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19 infection, seems to trigger autoimmunity and new-onset autoimmune disease in pediatric and adult patients. We present a case of new-onset AAV following COVID-19 infection in an adolescent patient, and we review the literature of AAV following COVID-19 infection.

Potential Impact of Initial Clinical Data on Adjustment of Pediatric Readmission Rates.

Objective: Comparison of readmission rates requires adjustment for case-mix (ie, differences in patient populations), but previously only claims data were available for this purpose. We examined whether incorporation of relatively readily available clinical data improves prediction of pediatric readmissions and thus might enhance case-mix adjustment.

Methods: We examined 30-day readmissions using claims and electronic health record data for patients ≤18 years and 29 days of age who were admitted to 3 children's hospitals from February 2011 to February 2014.

Pediatric Readmissions After Hospitalizations for Lower Respiratory Infections.

Background And Objective: Lower respiratory infections (LRIs) are among the most common reasons for pediatric hospitalization and among the diagnoses with the highest number of readmissions. Characterizing LRI readmissions would help guide efforts to prevent them. We assessed variation in pediatric LRI readmission rates, risk factors for readmission, and readmission diagnoses.

Recognizing Differences in Hospital Quality Performance for Pediatric Inpatient Care.

Background: Hospital quality-of-care measures are publicly reported to inform consumer choice and stimulate quality improvement. The number of hospitals and states with enough pediatric hospital discharges to detect worse-than-average inpatient care remains unknown.

Methods: This study was a retrospective analysis of hospital discharges for children aged 0 to 17 years from 3974 hospitals in 44 states in the 2009 Kids' Inpatient Database.

Measuring pediatric hospital readmission rates to drive quality improvement.

The Pediatric Quality Measures Program is developing readmission measures for pediatric use. We sought to describe the importance of readmissions in children and the challenges of developing readmission quality measures. We consider findings and perspectives from research studies and commentaries in the pediatric and adult literature, characterizing arguments for and against using readmission rates as measures of pediatric quality and discussing available evidence and current knowledge gaps.