Study of silver nanoparticles bioaccumulation in cultured red and green seaweed.

The bioaccumulation of polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated silver nanoparticles (PVP-AgNPs) in Palmaria palmata and Ulva sp. seaweed was investigated by ICP-MS and SP-ICP-MS (determination of nanoparticles and size distribution after an enzymatic extraction). Seaweeds were exposed to 0.

Bioaccumulation of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in green (Ulva sp.) and red (Palmaria palmata) seaweed.

A bioaccumulation study in red (Palmaria palmata) and green (Ulva sp.) seaweed has been carried out after exposure to different concentrations of citrate-coated titanium dioxide nanoparticles (5 and 25 nm) for 28 days. The concentration of total titanium and the number and size of accumulated nanoparticles in the seaweeds has been determined throughout the study by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and single particle-ICP-MS (SP-ICP-MS), respectively.

Proteomics reveals multiple effects of titanium dioxide and silver nanoparticles in the metabolism of turbot, Scophthalmus maximus.

Titanium dioxide (TiO) and silver (Ag) NPs are among the most used engineered inorganic nanoparticles (NPs); however, their potential effects to marine demersal fish species, are not fully understood. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the proteomic alterations induced by sub-lethal concentrations citrate-coated 25 nm ("P25") TiO or polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) coated 15 nm Ag NPs to turbot, Scophthalmus maximus. Juvenile fish were exposed to the NPs through daily feeding for 14 days.

Ultrasonication followed by enzymatic hydrolysis as a sample pre-treatment for the determination of Ag nanoparticles in edible seaweed by SP-ICP-MS.

Seaweed can bioaccumulate nanomaterials that would be transferred to the trophic chain. This work describes the optimization of a method for the separation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from seaweed using an ultrasound-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis method and ulterior determination by single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SP-ICP-MS). The following parameters affecting the isolation of AgNPs were optimized using a Palmaria palmata (red seaweed) sample previously exposed to AgNPs: type of sonication (bath vs.

Metal Content in Textile and (Nano)Textile Products.

Metals, metallic compounds, and, recently, metallic nanoparticles appear in textiles due to impurities from raw materials, contamination during the manufacturing process, and/or their deliberate addition. However, the presence of lead, cadmium, chromium (VI), arsenic, mercury, and dioctyltin in textile products is regulated in Europe (Regulation 1907/2006). Metal determination in fabrics was performed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after microwave-assisted acid digestion.

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles assessment in seaweeds by single particle inductively coupled plasma - Mass spectrometry.

In this study, a first attempt for isolating and determining (characterising) background levels of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO NPs) in seaweed has been developed by using single particle inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry (SP-ICP-MS). Seaweeds were processed using an optimised ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) procedure based on tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) before dilution and SP-ICP-MS analysis. The effect of the TMAH percentage in the extracting solution, as well as the volume of extracting solution and sonication (extraction) time, has been fully assessed.

In vitro assessment of major and trace element bioaccessibility in tea samples.

Bioaccessibility of trace elements (Li, Be, Ti, Ga, Cu, Ag, Hg, Cd, Cs, Pt, Tl, Pb, As, Cr, Co, Ni, V, Se, Sn and Sb) and major elements (Rb, Ba, Al, Fe, Zn, Si, Ca, Mg, Mn, Mo, Sr, P and K) in tea infusions has been assessed using an in vitro dialyzability protocol. Gastric simulation (using pepsin solution) and intestinal simulation (using pancreatin and bile salts) were used to perform the in vitro digestion. ICP-MS, ICP-OES and FAES were used for elements determination in digested tea leaves, their infusions and the dialyzate fractions from tea infusions.

Development of a sensitive method for the analysis of four phthalates in tea samples: Tea bag contribution to the total amount in tea infusion.

A sensitive, precise and selective method for the analysis of butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), and dimethyl phthalate (DMP) in tea samples has been applied. Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Solid Phase Extraction (MIP-SPE) has been used for the separation and preconcentration of these compounds. Phthalates extracted by SPE were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS).

The bioavailability of arsenic species in rice.

Rice is the principal food in many countries for billions of people and one of the most consumed cereals in the world. The rice plant has the ability to bioaccumulate essential and toxic trace elements such as arsenic. The toxicity of the elements depends not only on their concentration but also on their chemical form and their bioavailability.

Simultaneous determination and speciation analysis of arsenic and chromium in iron supplements used for iron-deficiency anemia treatment by HPLC-ICP-MS.

This work proposes the use of high performance liquid chromatography coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS) for simultaneous speciation of arsenic and chromium in iron supplements used for the treatment of anemia. The sample preparation procedure recommended for the total determination of arsenic and chromium was established using acid digestion in a microwave assisted oven. For speciation analysis, however, the microwave-assisted extraction procedure involved the use of water as extraction solvent at 90°C for 30min.

Assessment of metals bound to marine plankton proteins and to dissolved proteins in seawater.

Studies based on laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) have been performed to assess metal bound to dissolved proteins and proteins from marine plankton after two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D PAGE). Dissolved proteins were pre-concentrated from surface seawater (60 L) by tangential ultrafiltration with 10 kDa molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) membranes and further centrifugal ultrafiltration (10 kDa) before proteins isolation by methanol/chloroform/water precipitation. Proteins isolation from plankton was assessed after different trichloroacetic acid (TCA)/acetone and methanol washing stages, and further proteins extraction with a phenol solution.

Two-dimensional isoelectric focusing OFFGEL and microfluidic lab-on-chip electrophoresis for assessing dissolved proteins in seawater.

Dissolved proteins were assessed in surface and deep seawater by two-dimensional isoelectric focusing (IEF) OFFGEL-lab-on-chip (LOC) electrophoresis after tangential flow ultrafiltration followed by centrifugal ultrafiltration (preconcentration factor of 3000). Dissolved protein isolation was performed by treating the ultrafiltrated retentate with cold acetone and also with chloroform as precipitating reagents. The best electrophoretic behavior of the isolated proteins was obtained after protein precipitation with chloroform before different rinsing stages for removing methanol and water interferences.

Matrix solid phase dispersion-assisted BCR sequential extraction method for metal partitioning in surface estuarine sediments.

The BCR (the Community Bureau of Reference) of the European Union sequential extraction scheme for metal partitioning in estuarine sediments has been accelerated by using a matrix solid phase dispersion (MSPD) approach. The MSPD assisted BCR procedure consists of passing the extractants proposed by conventional BCR protocol (0.11 M acetic acid, 0.

Characterization of edible seaweed harvested on the Galician coast (northwestern Spain) using pattern recognition techniques and major and trace element data.

Major and trace elements in North Atlantic seaweed originating from Galicia (northwestern Spain) were determined by using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) (Ba, Ca, Cu, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Sr, and Zn), inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) (Br and I) and hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry (HG-AFS) (As). Pattern recognition techniques were then used to classify the edible seaweed according to their type (red, brown, and green seaweed) and also their variety (Wakame, Fucus, Sea Spaghetti, Kombu, Dulse, Nori, and Sea Lettuce). Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) were used as exploratory techniques, and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) were used as classification procedures.

Phthalates determination in pharmaceutical formulae used in parenteral nutrition by LC-ES-MS: importance in public health.

A method for determining a group of phthalate esters in pharmaceutical formulae used in parenteral nutrition samples (with and without vitamins) has been developed. The phthalic acid esters (PAEs) studied were dimethyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, butyl benzyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, and dioctyl phthalate. This group of phthalates was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry, working in positive ion mode.

Characterization of estuarine sediments by near infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy.

It has been developed a partial least squares near infrared (PLS-NIR) method for the determination of estuarine sediment physicochemical parameters. The method was based on the chemometric treatment of first order derivative reflectance spectra obtained from samples previously lyophilized and sieved through a lower than 63 microm grid. Spectra were scanned from 833 to 2976 nm, averaging 36 scans per spectrum at a resolution of 8 cm(-1), using chromatographic glass vials of 9.