The influence of breast screening on breast cancer incidence in England: observational study based on cancer registries and bulletins of the NHS Breast Screening Programme.

Background: To assess the amount of breast cancer overdiagnosis associated with the National Health Service Breast Screening Programme (NHSBSP) that started in 1988 in England.

Methods: First, numbers of breast cancers in women eligible for breast screening not attending screening were estimated for the period 1995-2019, which were extrapolated to all women. A second method was based on ratios of incidence rates of breast cancers in women aged 50-69 to women aged 70 years or more in 1971-1985.

Multi-Instance Classification of Breast Tumor Ultrasound Images Using Convolutional Neural Networks and Transfer Learning.

Background: Breast cancer is arguably one of the leading causes of death among women around the world. The automation of the early detection process and classification of breast masses has been a prominent focus for researchers in the past decade. The utilization of ultrasound imaging is prevalent in the diagnostic evaluation of breast cancer, with its predictive accuracy being dependent on the expertise of the specialist.

Incretin-Based Therapies and the Short-term Risk of Pancreatic Cancer: Results From Two Retrospective Cohort Studies.

Objective: Concerns have been raised about a possible increased risk of pancreatic cancer associated with incretin-based therapies. We examined the risk of pancreatic cancer among patients with diabetes prescribed incretin drugs.

Research Design And Methods: With the use of public health insurance databases of Belgium and the Lombardy Region, Italy, we created two retrospective cohorts that included adult patients who were first prescribed an incretin drug or another noninsulin antidiabetic drug (NIAD) from 1 July 2008 to 31 December 2013 in Belgium and from 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2012 in the Lombardy Region.

Endogenous and exogenous testosterone and the risk of prostate cancer and increased prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level: a meta-analysis.

Objective: To review and quantify the association between endogenous and exogenous testosterone and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and prostate cancer.

Methods: Literature searches were performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Prospective cohort studies that reported data on the associations between endogenous testosterone and prostate cancer, and placebo-controlled randomized trials of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) that reported data on PSA and/or prostate cancer cases were retained.

Trends in colorectal cancer mortality in Europe: retrospective analysis of the WHO mortality database.

Objective: To examine changes in colorectal cancer mortality in 34 European countries between 1970 and 2011.

Design: Retrospective trend analysis.

Data Source: World Health Organization mortality database.

Age at cancer onset in germline TP53 mutation carriers: association with polymorphisms in predicted G-quadruplex structures.

Germline TP53 mutations predispose to multiple cancers defining Li-Fraumeni/Li-Fraumeni-like syndrome (LFS/LFL), a disease with large individual disparities in cancer profiles and age of onset. G-quadruplexes (G4s) are secondary structural motifs occurring in guanine tracks, with regulatory effects on DNA and RNA. We analyzed 85 polymorphisms within or near five predicted G4s in TP53 in search of modifiers of penetrance of LFS/LFL in Brazilian cancer families with (n = 35) or without (n = 110) TP53 mutations.

An extended set of PRDM1/BLIMP1 target genes links binding motif type to dynamic repression.

The transcriptional repressor B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein-1 (BLIMP1) regulates gene expression and cell fate. The DNA motif bound by BLIMP1 in vitro overlaps with that of interferon regulatory factors (IRFs), which respond to inflammatory/immune signals. At such sites, BLIMP1 and IRFs can antagonistically regulate promoter activity.