Bcl-2 knockdown by multifunctional lipid nanoparticle and its influence in apoptosis pathway regarding cutaneous melanoma: in vitro and ex vivo studies.

Multifunctional therapies have emerged as innovative strategies in cancer treatment. In this research article, we proposed a nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) designed for the topical treatment of cutaneous melanoma, which simultaneously delivers 5-FU and Bcl-2 siRNA. The characterized nanoparticles exhibited a diameter of 259 ± 9 nm and a polydispersion index of 0.

Nanotechnology strategies to address challenges in topical and cellular delivery of siRNAs in skin disease therapy.

Gene therapy is one of the most advanced therapies in current medicine. In particular, interference RNA-based therapy by small interfering RNA (siRNA) has gained attention in recent years as it is a highly versatile, selective and specific therapy. In dermatological conditions, topical delivery of siRNA offers numerous therapeutic advantages, mainly by inhibiting the expression of target transcripts directly in the skin.

Transitioning from static to suspension culture system for large-scale production of xeno-free extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stromal cells.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have shown increasing therapeutic potential in the last years. However, large production of EV is required for therapeutic purposes. Thereby, scaling up MSC cultivation in bioreactors is essential to allow culture parameters monitoring.

Solid Lipid-Polymer Hybrid Nanoplatform for Topical Delivery of siRNA: In Vitro Biological Activity and Permeation Studies.

Small interfering RNA (siRNA) molecules have limited transfection efficiency and stability, necessitating the use of delivery systems to be effective in gene knockdown therapies. In this regard, lipid-polymeric nanocarriers have emerged as a promising class of nanoparticles for siRNA delivery, particularly for topical applications. We proposed the use of solid lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles (SLPHNs) as topical delivery systems for siRNA.

Characteristics of patients hospitalised with traumatic brain injuries.

Aim: To investigate the volume, injury characteristics and journey of Te Manawa Taki/Midland (TMT) residents hospitalised with a traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Methods: A retrospective review of TMT Trauma Registry data between 1 January 2012 and 31 December 2019 was conducted. Eligible patients (n=4,875) were TMT residents hospitalised with an injury to the brain parenchyma.

TNFα siRNA delivery by nanoparticles and photochemical internalization for psoriasis topical therapy.

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that presents increased expression of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), a proinflammatory cytokine. The discovery of RNA interference (RNAi), mediated by short interfering RNA (siRNA), made it possible for the expression of some genes to be eliminated. However, for its application, it is necessary to use carriers that can protect siRNA and release it in the target cells.

Paediatric playground and tree-related injuries: Hospital admissions in the Midland region of New Zealand.

Aim: To examine the incidence and outcomes of paediatric playground and tree-related injuries in the Midland region of New Zealand.

Methods: A retrospective review of Midland Trauma Registry hospitalisation data between January 2012 and December 2018 was undertaken. Cases included children aged 0-14 years hospitalised for playground and tree-related injuries.

Blood alcohol screening and outcomes in trauma team activation patients at a level 1 trauma centre in New Zealand.

Objective: A causal relationship between alcohol consumption and injury exists and the prevalence of harmful alcohol intakes in New Zealand adults is high. The present study investigates compliance to blood alcohol (BA) screening policy and the epidemiological profile and hospital-related outcomes of trauma team activation (TTA) patients with positive BA at a New Zealand level 1 trauma centre.

Methods: A retrospective review of Midland Trauma Registry hospitalisation data between January 2012 and December 2019 was conducted.

Ex vivo model of human skin (hOSEC) for assessing the dermatokinetics of the anti-melanoma drug Dacarbazine.

Alternative models to replace animals in experimental studies remain a challenge in testing the effectiveness of dermatologic and cosmetic drugs. We proposed a model of human organotypic skin explant culture (hOSEC) to assess the profile of cutaneous drug skin distribution, adopting dacarbazine as a model, and respective new methodologies for dermatokinetic analysis. The viability tests were evaluated in primary keratinocytes and fibroblasts, and skin by MTT and TTC assays, respectively.

Cytotoxic and chemosensitizing effects of glycoalkaloidic extract on 2D and 3D models using RT4 and patient derived xenografts bladder cancer cells.

Glycoalkaloids have been widely demonstrated as potential anticancer agents. However, the chemosensitizing effect of these compounds with traditional chemotherapeutic agents has not been explored yet. In a quest for novel effective therapies to treat bladder cancer (BC), we evaluated the chemosensitizing potential of glycoalkaloidic extract (GE) with cisplatin (cDDP) in RT4 and PDX cells using 2D and 3D cell culture models.

Advances in lyotropic liquid crystal systems for skin drug delivery.

Introduction: Lyotropic liquid crystals (LLCs) are organized mesophases with intermediate properties between liquids and solids. The LLC and its liquid crystalline nanoparticles (LCNPs) have attracted great interest from the scientific community in recent years as potential drug delivery systems due to the high internal ordering and symmetry with a wide interfacial area.

Areas Covered: This article aims to gather information and to provide a description of the highly organized structures of LLCs.

Liquid crystalline nanodispersion functionalized with cell-penetrating peptides improves skin penetration and anti-inflammatory effect of lipoic acid after in vivo skin exposure to UVB radiation.

In this study, the development and the performance of a new targeted liquid crystalline nanodispersion (LCN) by the attachment of cell-penetrating peptides (CPP) onto their surfaces to improve skin delivery of lipoic acid (LA) were evaluated. For that, the synthesis and characterization of this new platform as well as its spatiotemporal analysis from in vitro and in vivo topical application were explored and extensively discussed in this paper. The TAT or D4 peptides were chosen as CPP due to specific target strategies by the charge grouping on the skin surface or target the overexpressed epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) of cell membrane of keratinocytes, respectively.

Therapeutic applications and delivery systems for triptolide.

Triptolide (TPL) is a natural compound and active component of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F., an Asian native woody vine widely used for over 200 years in Chinese medicine. Hot water, ethanol-ethyl acetate, and chloroform-methanol extracts are the first reported TPL preparations in the literature, and since then, several studies for application in inflammation processes and cancer are described due to the antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and immunosuppressive characteristics of the molecule.

Topical delivery of siRNA into skin using ionic liquids.

Skin diseases such as lupus, cancer, psoriasis, and hyperhidrosis can potentially be treated effectively by suppressing allele-specific genes using small interfering RNA (siRNA). Injections of siRNA into skin, though effective, are painful and cover small surface areas and thus are not suitable as a long-term treatment option. Topical delivery of siRNA is an attractive alternative option to mediate RNA interference (RNAi).

Microemulsion co-delivering vitamin A and vitamin E as a new platform for topical treatment of acute skin inflammation.

In this study, we developed a water-in-oil microemulsion containing vitamin A (retinol) and vitamin E (α-tocopherol), which serves as a multifunctional nanosystem that co-delivers antioxidants and displayed additive effect against acute skin inflammation. Microemulsion (ME) was prepared by mixing a surfactant blend (Tween 80 and propylene glycol, 5:1) with isopropyl myristate and water (ratio of 50:40:10, respectively). Vitamin A (0.

Nanotechnology approaches in the current therapy of skin cancer.

Skin cancer is a high burden disease with a high impact on global health. Conventional therapies have several drawbacks; thus, the development of effective therapies is required. In this context, nanotechnology approaches are an attractive strategy for cancer therapy because they enable the efficient delivery of drugs and other bioactive molecules to target tissues with low toxic effects.

Nanostructured lipid carrier co-delivering tacrolimus and TNF-α siRNA as an innovate approach to psoriasis.

Since psoriasis is an immuno-mediated skin disease, long-term therapies are necessary for its treatment. In clinical investigations, tacrolimus (TAC), a macrolide immunosuppressive inhibitor of calcineurin, arises as an alternative for the treatment of psoriasis, acting in some cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. Here, we aim to study the psoriasis treatment with TAC and siRNA for one of most cytokines expressed in psoriasis, the TNF-α.

Influence of Alkyl Chains of Modified Polysuccinimide-Based Polycationic Polymers on Polyplex Formation and Transfection.

The development of polymers with low toxicity and efficient gene delivery remains a significant barrier of nonviral gene therapy. Modification and tuning of chemical structures of carriers is an attractive strategy for efficient nucleic acid delivery. Here, polyplexes consisting of plasmid DNA (pDNA) and dodecylated or non-dodecylated polysuccinimide (PSI)-based polycations are designed, and their transfection ability into HeLa cells is investigated by green fluorescent protein (GFP) expressing cells quantification.

Assessing the cytotoxic potential of glycoalkaloidic extract in nanoparticles against bladder cancer cells.

Objective: This study proposed to use the nanotechnology to deliver glycoalkaloidic extract (AE) to bladder cancer cells, evaluating their activity in 2D and 3D models and the biological mechanism of cell death.

Methods: NPs were prepared by nanoprecipitation method using polylactic acid (PLA) and characterized considering their size, charge, particle concentration and stability. The cytotoxicity was evaluated in 2D and 3D model, and the apoptosis and cell cycle were investigated using flow cytometry.

Skin permeation, biocompatibility and antitumor effect of chloroaluminum phthalocyanine associated to oleic acid in lipid nanoparticles.

The objective of this study was to develop and characterize lipid nanoparticles (LNs) containing chloroaluminum phthalocyanine (ClAlPc) to reduce the aggregation of the drug and improve its skin penetration and its antitumor effect. LNs were prepared and characterized by using stearic acid (SA) as solid lipid and oleic acid (OA) as liquid lipid in different proportions. in vitro and in vivo skin penetration was evaluated using modified Franz diffusion cells and fluorescence microscopy, respectively.

Current Non-viral siRNA Delivery Systems as a Promising Treatment of Skin Diseases.

Background: Gene therapy is a new approach to discover and treat many diseases. It has attracted considerable attention from researchers in the last decades. The gene therapy through RNA interference has been considered one of the most recent and revolutionary approaches used in individualized therapy.

In Vitro TyRP-1 Knockdown Based on siRNA Carried by Liquid Crystalline Nanodispersions: an Alternative Approach for Topical Treatment of Vitiligo.

Purpose: Vitiligo is a skin disease characterized by depigmentation and the presence of white patches that are associated with the loss of melanocytes. The most common explanation for the cause of this condition is that it is an autoimmune condition. TyRP-1 is involved in melanin pigment synthesis but can also function as a melanocyte differentiation antigen.

Evaluation of critical parameters for in vitro skin permeation and penetration studies using animal skin models.

In vitro skin permeation/penetration studies may be affected by many sources of variation. Herein, we aimed to investigate the major critical procedures of in vitro skin delivery studies. These experiments were performed with model drugs according to official guidelines.