Metabolome and Mycobiome of Subspecies Differing in Susceptibility to Brown Rust and Powdery Mildew Are Diverse.

The present study demonstrated the differences in the seed metabolome and mycobiome of two Coss accessions with different resistance to brown rust and powdery mildew. We hypothesized that the seeds of resistant accession k-1958 ssp. can contain a larger number of metabolites with antifungal activity compared with the seeds of susceptible ssp k-340, which will determine differences in the seed fungal community.

Erratum: Boiss. repeatome characterized using low-coverage NGS as a source of new FISH markers: application in phylogenetic studies of the Triticeae.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.

Intraspecific divergence of diploid grass is associated with structural chromosome changes.

Smith in Sibthorp et Smith, 1806 is diploid grass with MM genome constitution occurring mainly in Greece. Two morphologically distinct subspecies - Chennaveeraiah, 1960 and (Holzmann ex Boissier) Eig, 1929 are discriminated within , however, genetic and karyotypic bases of their divergence are not fully understood. We used Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with repetitive DNA probes and electrophoretic analysis of gliadins to characterize the genome and karyotype of to assess the level of their genetic diversity and uncover mechanisms leading to radiation of subspecies.

-Based Biorodenticides: Past Applications and Current Contradictions.

The idea of using pathogens to control pests has existed since the end of the 19th century. Enterobacteria from the genus , discovered at that time, are the causative agents of many serious diseases in mammals often leading to death. Mostly, the strains of are able to infect a wide spectrum of hosts belonging to vertebrates, but some of them show host restriction.

Boiss. repeatome characterized using low-coverage NGS as a source of new FISH markers: Application in phylogenetic studies of the Triticeae.

. is polyploid grass species that grows in the eastern part of the Fertile Crescent, Afghanistan, and Middle Asia. It consists of tetraploid (4x) and hexaploid (6x) cytotypes (2 = 4x = 28, DD (Abdolmalaki et al.

Dissecting the Environmental Consequences of Application for Natural Ecosystems.

(), a natural pathogen of different invertebrates, primarily insects, is widely used as a biological control agent. While -based preparations are claimed to be safe for non-target organisms due to the immense host specificity of the bacterium, the growing evidence witnesses the distant consequences of their application for natural communities. For instance, upon introduction to soil habitats, strains can affect indigenous microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi, and further establish complex relationships with local plants, ranging from a mostly beneficial demeanor, to pathogenesis-like plant colonization.

Chromosome and Molecular Analyses Reveal Significant Karyotype Diversity and Provide New Evidence on the Origin of .

Zhuk. is tetraploid grass species (2n = 4x = 28, UUXX) closely related to and growing in Western Asia and a western part of the Fertile Crescent. Genetic diversity of was assessed using C-banding, FISH, nuclear and chloroplast (cp) DNA analyses, and gliadin electrophoresis.

The Distribution of Several Genomic Virulence Determinants Does Not Corroborate the Established Serotyping Classification of .

, commonly referred to as , is an object of the lasting interest of microbiologists due to its highly effective insecticidal properties, which make a prominent source of biologicals. To categorize the exuberance of strains discovered, serotyping assays are utilized in which flagellin serves as a primary seroreactive molecule. Despite its convenience, this approach is not indicative of strains' phenotypes, neither it reflects actual phylogenetic relationships within the species.

Accumulation of storage proteins in plant seeds is mediated by amyloid formation.

Amyloids are protein aggregates with a highly ordered spatial structure giving them unique physicochemical properties. Different amyloids not only participate in the development of numerous incurable diseases but control vital functions in archaea, bacteria and eukarya. Plants are a poorly studied systematic group in the field of amyloid biology.

Two Novel Amyloid Proteins, RopA and RopB, from the Root Nodule Bacterium .

Amyloids represent protein fibrils with a highly ordered spatial structure, which not only cause dozens of incurable human and animal diseases but also play vital biological roles in Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. Despite the fact that association of bacterial amyloids with microbial pathogenesis and infectious diseases is well known, there is a lack of information concerning the amyloids of symbiotic bacteria. In this study, using the previously developed proteomic method for screening and identification of amyloids (PSIA), we identified amyloidogenic proteins in the proteome of the root nodule bacterium Among 54 proteins identified, we selected two proteins, RopA and RopB, which are predicted to have β-barrel structure and are likely to be involved in the control of plant-microbial symbiosis.

Effects of JUN and NFE2L2 knockdown on oxidative status and NFE2L2/AP-1 targets expression in HeLa cells in basal conditions and upon sub-lethal hydrogen peroxide treatment.

Although NFE2L2 transcription factor is considered to make the most significant contribution to the NFE2L2/AP-1-pathway-dependent antioxidants regulation in the human cell, AP-1 has the potential to provide significant backup and even play an equal role in the cell. Considering this, the present study is focused on revealing how JUN, an AP-1 component, and NFE2L2 contribute to regulation of four target genes containing AREs with embedded TREs-SQSTM1, FTH1, HMOX1 and CBR3 and to cellular oxidative status in general in basal conditions and under pro-oxidative influence. NFE2L2 and JUN were down-regulated in HeLa cells using siRNA-mediated knockdown approach.

Dense chitosan surgical membranes produced by a coincident compression-dehydration process.

High density chitosan membranes were produced via a novel manufacturing process and used as implantable resorbable surgical membranes. The innovative method utilizes the following three sequential steps: (1) casting an acidic chitosan solution within a silicon mold, followed by freezing; (2) neutralizing the frozen acidic chitosan solution in alkaline solution to facilitate polymerization; and (3) applying coincident compression-dehydration under a vacuum. Resulting membranes of 0.

Perlecan domain 1 recombinant proteoglycan augments BMP-2 activity and osteogenesis.

Background: Many growth factors, such as bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2, have been shown to interact with polymers of sulfated disacharrides known as heparan sulfate (HS) glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), which are found on matrix and cell-surface proteoglycans throughout the body. HS GAGs, and some more highly sulfated forms of chondroitin sulfate (CS), regulate cell function by serving as co-factors, or co-receptors, in GF interactions with their receptors, and HS or CS GAGs have been shown to be necessary for inducing signaling and GF activity, even in the osteogenic lineage. Unlike recombinant proteins, however, HS and CS GAGs are quite heterogenous due, in large part, to post-translational addition, then removal, of sulfate groups to various positions along the GAG polymer.

Increased peptidylarginine deiminase type II in hypoxic astrocytes.

Peptidylarginine deiminase type II (PAD 2) is the primary enzyme responsible for conversion of protein bound arginine to citrulline in the central nervous system. Evidence suggests that glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), the main intermediate filament in astrocytes, is deiminated, but not much is known regarding factors that control this enzymatic reaction. The present study demonstrated that PAD 2 activity (as determined by Western blot analysis of citrullinated GFAP isoforms) was increased in human cultured astrocytes by hypoxic conditions.